Anbar, A.D., 2004. Iron stable isotopes: beyond biosignatures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 217, 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00572-7
Baele, J.M., Boulvain, F., de Jong, J., Mattielli, N., Papier, S. & Préat, A. (2008) Iron microbial mats in Modern and Phanerozoic environments. In Hoover, R.B., Levin, G.V., Rozanov, A.Y. & Davies, P.C.W (eds), Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XI. Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 7097, 12 p. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801597
Bathurst, R.G.C., 1982. Genesis of stromatactis cavities between submarine crusts in Palaeozoic carbonate mud buildups. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 139, 165–181. https://doi. org/10.1144/gsjgs.139.2.0165
Beard, B.L. & Johnson, C.M., 2004. Fe isotopes variations in the Modern and Ancient earth and other planetary bodies. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 55, 319–357. https://doi.org/10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.319
Boulvain, F., 1990. Sédimentologie et diagenèse des monticules micritiques frasniens « F2j » de Belgique. Unpublished PhD thesis. Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 535 p.
Boulvain, F., 1993. Sédimentologie et diagenèse des monticules micritiques « F2j » du Frasnien de l’Ardenne. Service géologique de Belgique, Professional Paper, 260, 436 p.
Boulvain, F., De Ridder C., Mamet, B., Préat, A. & Gillan, D., 2001. Iron microbial communities in Belgian Frasnian carbonate mounds. Facies, 44, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668166
Brigmon, R.L & De Ridder, C., 1998. Symbiotic relationship of Thiothrix spp. with an echinoderm. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 3491–3495.
Costerton, J.W., 1995. Overview of microbial biofilms. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 15, 137–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569816
Cowen, J.P., 1992. Morphological study of marine bacterial capsules: implications for marine aggregates. Marine Biology, 114, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350858
de Jong, J.T.M., Schoemann, V., Tison, J.-L., Becquevort, S., Masson, F., Lannuzel, D., Petit, J., Chou, L., Weis, D. & Mattielli, N., 2007. Precise measurement of Fe isotopes in marine samples by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Analytica Chimica Acta, 589, 105–119. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.055
de Jong, J., Schoemann, V., Lannuzel, D., Tison, J.-L. & Mattielli, N., 2008. High-accuracy determination of iron in seawater by isotope dilution multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-MC-ICP-MS) using nitrilotriacetic acid chelating resin for pre-concentration and matrix separation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 623, 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.013
Della Porta, G., Mamet, B. & Préat, A., 2007. Microbial mediation in the formation of red limestones, Upper Carboniferous, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. In Wong, Th. (ed.), Proceedings of the XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy. Utrecht, 10-16 August 2003. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 243–250.
De Ridder, C., 1986. La nutrition chez les Echinodermes psammivores. Etude particulière du spatangide fouisseur Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant) (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). Unpublished PhD thesis. Université Libre de Bruxelles (Faculté des Sciences), Belgium, 270 p.
De Ridder, C., 1994. Symbioses between spatangoids (Echinoidea) and Thiothrix-like bacteria (Beggiatoales). In David, B., Guille, A., Féral, J.P. & Roux, M. (eds), Echinoderms Through Time: Proceedings of the 8th International Echinoderm Conference, Dijon 1993. Balkema, Rotterdam, 619–625.
De Ridder, C. & Brigmon, R.L., 2003. “Farming” of microbial mats in the hindgut of echinoids. In Krumbein, W.E., Paterson, D.M. & Zavarzin, G.A. (eds), Fossil and Recent Biofilms: A Natural History of Life on Earth. Kluwer Academic, Boston, 217–225.
De Ridder, C. & Jangoux, M., 1993. The digestive tract of the spatangoid echinoid Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata): morphofunctional study. Acta Zoologica, 74, 337–351. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1993.tb01248.x
De Ridder, C., Jangoux, M. & Van Impe, E., 1985a. Food selection and absorption efficiency in the spatangoid echinoid, Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata). In Keegan, B.E. & O’Connor, B.D. (eds), Echinodermata: Proceedings of the 5th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway 1984. Balkema, Rotterdam, 507–512.
De Ridder, C., Jangoux, M. & De Vos L., 1985b. Description and significance of a peculiar intradigestive symbiosis between bacteria and a deposit-feeding echnoid. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 91, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90221-7
Dupont, E., 1881. Sur l’origine des calcaires dévoniens de la Belgique. Bulletin de l’Académie royale de Belgique, 3 ème série, 2, 264–280.
Fenchel, T. & Finlay, B.J., 1995. Ecology and Evolution in Anoxic Worlds. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution, 276 p.
Gerke, J., 1997. Aluminium and iron(III) species in the soil solution including organic complexes with citrate and humic substances. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 160, 427–432. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19971600313
Gillan, D., 2003. The study of a Recent iron-encrusted biofilm in the marine environment. In Krumbein, W.E., Paterson, D.M. & Zavarzin, G.A. (eds), Fossil and Recent Biofilms: A Natural History of Life on Earth. Kluwer Academic, Boston, 241–248.
Gillan, D. & De Ridder, C., 1995. The microbial community associated with Montacuta ferruginosa, a commensal bivalve of the echinoid Echinocardium cordatum. In Emson, R.H., Smith, A.B. & Campbell, A.C. (eds), Echinoderm Research 1995: Proceedings of the 4th European Echinoderms Colloquim, London, 10-13 April 1995. Balkema, Rotterdam, 71–76.
Gillan, D. & De Ridder, C., 1997. Morphology of a ferric iron-encrusted biofilm forming of the shell of a burrowing bivalve (Mollusca). Aquatic Microbiology Ecology, 12, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame012001
Gillan, D. & De Ridder, C., 2001. Accumulation of a ferric mineral in the biofilm of Montacuta ferruginosa bivalve (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Biomineralization, bioaccumulation, and inference of paleoenvironments. Chemical Geology, 177, 371–379. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00420-4
Gillan, D., Warnau, M., De Vrind-De Jong, E.W., Boulvain, F., Préat, A. & De Ridder, C., 2000. Iron oxidation and deposition in the biofilm covering Montacuta ferruginosa (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Geomicrobiology Journal, 17, 141–150. https://doi. org/10.1080/01490450050023818
Gomes da Silva, S., Gillan, D., Dubilier, N. & De Ridder, C., 2006. Characterization by 16S rRNA gene analysis and in situ hybridization of bacterial living in the hindgut of a deposit-feeding echinoid (Echinodermata). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1209–1213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315406014202
Gorbushina, A.A. & Krumbein, W.E., 2000. Subaerial microbial mats and their effects on soil and rock. In Riding, R.E. & Awramik, S.M. (eds), Microbial Sediments. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 161–170.
Hofmann, B.A. & Farmer, J.D., 2000. Filamentous fabrics in low-temperature mineral assemblages: are they fossil biomarkers? Implications for the search for a subsurface fossil record on the early Earth and Mars. Planetary and Space Science, 48, 1077–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00081-7
Hu, X., Wang, C., Scott, R.W., Wagreich, M. & Jansa, L. (eds), 2009. Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds: Stratigraphy, Composition, Origins, and Paleoceanographic significance. SEPM Special Publication, 91, 276 p. https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.091
LaRock, P.A. & Ehrlich, H.L., 1975. Observations of bacterial microcolonies on the surface of ferromanganese nodules from Blake plateau by scanning electron microscopy. Microbial Ecology, 2, 84– 96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02010383
Mamet, B. & Boulvain, F., 1990. Constructions hématitiques des Griottes carbonifères (Asturies, Espagne). Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, 99, 229–239.
Mamet, B. & Perret, M.-F., 1995. Bioconstructions hématitiques de Griottes dévoniennes (Pyrénées centrales). Géobios, 28, 655–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80055-7
Mamet, B. & Préat, A., 2003. Sur l’origine bactérienne et fongique de la pigmentation de l’Ammonitico Rosso (Jurassique, région de Vérone, Italie du Nord). Revue de Micropaléontologie, 46/1, 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-1598(03)00006-0
Mamet, B. & Préat, A., 2006. Iron-bacterial mediation in Phanerozoic red limestones: State of the art. Sedimentary Geology, 185, 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.12.009
Mamet, B. & Préat, A., 2007. Why is ‘red marble’ red? Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 37/1, 13–21.
Mamet, B., Préat, A. & De Ridder C., 1997. Bacterial origin of the red pigmentation in the Devonian Slivenec Limestone, Czech Republic. Facies, 36,173–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536883
Martire, L., 1996. Stratigraphy, facies and synsedimentary tectonics in the Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (Altopiano di Asiago, NE Italy). Facies, 35, 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536963
McLean, R.J.C., Fortin, D. & Brown, D.A., 1996. Microbial metal-binding mechanisms and their relation to nuclear waste disposal. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 42, 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1139/m96-055
Préat, A., Mamet, B., Bernard, A. & Gillan, D., 1999. Bacterial mediation, red matrices diagenesis, Devonian, Montagne Noire (southern France). Sedimentary Geology, 126, 223–242. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00042-1
Préat, A., Mamet, B., De Ridder, C., Boulvain, F. & Gillan, D., 2000. Iron bacterial and fungal mats, Bajocian stratotype (Mid-Jurassic, northern Normandy, France). Sedimentary Geology, 137/3-4,107– 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00101-9
Préat, A., Morano, S., Loreau, J.P., Durlet, C. & Mamet, B., 2006. Petrography and biosedimentology of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (Middle-Upper Jurassic), Northeastern Italy. Facies, 52, 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-005-0032-2
Préat, A., de Jong, J., Mamet, B. & Mattielli, N., 2008a. Stable iron isotopes and microbial mediation in red pigmentation of the Rosso Ammonitico (Mid-Late Jurassic, Verona area, Italy). Astrobiology, 8/4, 841–857. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2006.0035
Préat, A., El Hassani, A. & Mamet, B., 2008b. Iron bacteria in Devonian carbonates (Tafilalt, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Facies, 54/1, 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-007-0124-2
Préat, A., de Jong, J., De Ridder, C., Gillan, D. & Martire, L., 2011a. Why is ‘red marble’ red: could Fe-isotopes shed light on this question through the study of the Italian Ammonitico Rosso? Sessione M4, Il colore degli eventi nel tempo, Epitome 2011, Geoitalia VIII Forum Italiano di Science della Terre, 19-23 September, vol.4., p. 236. (Key lecture).
Préat, A., Mamet, B., Di Stefano, P., Martire, L. & Kolo, K., 2011b. Microbially-induced Fe and Mn oxides in condensed pelagic sediments (Middle-Upper Jurassic, Western Sicily). Sedimentary Geology, 237, 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.03.001
Préat, A., de Jong, J., De Ridder, C. & Gillan, D., 2011c. Possible Fe fractionation during microbiological processing in ancient and modern marine environments. In Tewari, V.C. & Seckbach, J. (eds), Stromatolites: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments. Springer, Dordrecht, Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 18, 651–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0397-1_29
Severmann, S., Johnson, C.M., Beard, B.L. & McManus, J., 2006. The effect of early diagenesis on the Fe isotope compositions of porewaters and authigenic minerals in continental margin sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2006–2022. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.007
Temara, A., De Ridder C., Kuenen, J.G. & Robertson, L.A., 1993. Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in the burrowing echinoid, Echinocardium cordatum (Echinodermata). Marine Biology, 115, 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346333
Thorsen, M.S., Wieland, A., Ploug, H., Kragelund, C. & Nielsen, P.H., 2003. Distribution, identity and activity of symbiotic bacteria in anoxic aggregates from the hindgut of the sea urchin Echinocardium cordatum. Ophelia, 57, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00785236.200 3.10409501
