Load-aware operation strategy for wind turbines participating in the joint day-ahead energy and reserve market

Wind power has emerged as a clean alternative to traditional power production, with a significant increase in its installed capacity observed over the past decade. In numerous regions, wind power producers are now afforded the opportunity to participate in day-ahead energy and reserve markets. In this context, the wind turbines can provide ancillary services such as frequency containment reserve (FCR). However, the provision of ancillary services is known to affect the physical loading on a wind turbine. This loading on different parts of the wind turbine can possibly result in sub-optimal performance leading to a reduced net power output or even a faster degradation of the wind turbine. On the other hand, no or low participation of a wind turbine in ancillary services market will lead to a lesser revenue on a long term. Moreover, low participation of wind turbines in the ancillary market will eventually limit the amount of wind power, since the ancillary services are needed to stabilise the grid and must then be provided by other energy sources. Addressing this challenge requires a holistic method to gauge both load and revenue for wind power producers (WPP), thus enabling them to make informed decisions. This study firstly presents a method of calculating major loads on the wind turbine. Then, a load-aware optimisation method of wind power scheduling in the joint day-ahead energy and reserve market (JERM) is proposed that provides WPPs, an ability to strike a balance between revenue and the physical loading of wind turbine.