[en] Understanding the dealloying mechanisms of gold-based alloy thin films resulting in the formation of nanoporous gold with a sponge-like structure is essential for the future design and integration of this novel class of material in practical devices. Here we report on the synthesis of nanoporous gold thin films using a free-corrosion approach in nitric acid applied to cosputtered Au-Cu thin films. A relationship is established between the as-grown Au-Cu film characteristics (i.e., composition, morphology, and structure) and the porosity of the sponge-like gold thin films. We further demonstrate that the dealloying approach can be applied to nonhomogenous Au-Cu alloy thin films consisting of periodic and alternate Au-rich/Au-poor nanolayers. In such a case, however, the dealloying process is found to be altered and unusual etching stages arise. Thanks to defects and column boundaries playing the role of channels, the nitric acid is found to quickly penetrate within the films and then laterally (i.e., parallel to the film surface) attacks the nanolayers rather than perpendicularly. As a consequence to this anisotropic etching, the Au-poor layers are etched preferentially and transform into Au pillars holding the Au-rich layers and preventing them against collapsing. A further exposure to nitric acid results in the collapsing of the Au-rich layers accompanied by a transition from a multilayered to a sponge-like structure. A scenario, supported by experimental observations, is further proposed to provide a detailed explanation of the fundamental mechanisms occurring during the dealloying process of films with a multilayered structure.
Disciplines :
Chemistry Physics
Author, co-author :
El Mel, Abdel-Aziz; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS , 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
Boukli-Hacene, Farah; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Molina-Luna, Leopoldo; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Material- and Geosciences, Darmstadt, Germany
Bouts, Nicolas; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Chauvin, Adrien ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface ; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Thiry, Damien ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface ; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Gautron, Eric; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Gautier, Nicolas; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Tessier, Pierre-Yves; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, CNRS, Nantes cedex 3, France
Language :
English
Title :
Unusual dealloying effect in gold/copper alloy thin films: the role of defects and column boundaries in the formation of nanoporous gold.
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