Metallic phytates as efficient bio-based phosphorous flame retardant additives for poly(lactic acid)

[en] In this study, we evaluated the potential flame retardant effect of different metallic phytates as bio sourced phosphorous additives for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Starting from sodium phytate, the sodium cations were replaced by aluminum, iron or lanthanum cations as attested by elemental analysis. PLA metallic phytate composites containing 20 or 30 wt% of additives were produced by melt blending in an internal mixer and their fire properties, thermogravimetric resistance have been characterized as well as the PLA chain degradation occurring during melt processing. The most significant flame retardant effect, observed by cone calorimeter test, was obtained when aluminum phytate was used. Cone calo rimeter testing combined with pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) analysis indicated that the barrier effect was more significant in the case of PLA filled with aluminum phytate. However, aluminum phytate proved to be responsible for PLA chain degradation during melt processing. Combinations of metallic phytate and native sodium phytate overcame this negative effect and allowed for limiting the thermal degradation of PLA during melt processing while preserving good fire performances, i.e. sig nificant pHRR reduction and V-2 classification in UL-94 te

Research center :

CIRMAP - Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères

Disciplines :

Chemistry

Author, co-author :

Costes, Lucie ; Université de Mons > Faculté Polytechnique > Génie des Procédés chimiques et biochimiques

Laoutid, Fouad ; Université de Mons > Unités externes > Materia Nova ASBL

Dumazert, L

Lopez-Cuesta, J.-M.

Brohez, Sylvain ; Université de Mons > Faculté Polytechnique > Génie des Procédés chimiques et biochimiques

Delvosalle, Christian ; Université de Mons > Faculté Polytechnique > Génie des Procédés chimiques et biochimiques

Dubois, Philippe ; Université de Mons > Faculté des Sciences > Matériaux Polymères et Composites

Language :

English

Title :

Metallic phytates as efficient bio-based phosphorous flame retardant additives for poly(lactic acid)

Publication date :

30 May 2015

Journal title :

Polymer Degradation and Stability

ISSN :

0141-3910

eISSN :

1873-2321

Publisher :

Elsevier, Netherlands

Volume :

119

Pages :

217-227

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Research unit :

S816 - Matériaux Polymères et Composites
F505 - Génie des Procédés chimiques et biochimiques

Research institute :

R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
R500 - Institut des Sciences et du Management des Risques

Available on ORBi UMONS :

since 28 July 2015

Statistics

Number of views

56 (3 by UMONS)

Number of downloads

2 (2 by UMONS)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

114

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

104

OpenAlex citations

116

Bibliography

R. Auras, B. Harte, and S. Selke An overview of polylactides as packaging materials Macromol. Biosci. 4 2004 835 864
B. Gupta, N. Revagade, and J. Hilborn Poly(lactic acid) fiber: an overview Prog. Polym. Sci. 32 2007 455 482
D. Garlotta A literature review of poly(lactic acid) J. Polym. Environ. 9 2001 63 84
F. Carrasco, P. Pagès, J. Gamez-Pérez, O.O. Santana, and M.L. Maspoch Processing of poly(lactic acid): characterization of chemical structure, thermal stability and mechanical properties Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 2010 116 125
F. Laoutid, L. Bonnaud, M. Alexandre, J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta, and Ph. Dubois New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: from fundamentals to nanocomposites Mater. Sci. Eng. 63 2009 100 125
S.V. Levchik, and E.D. Weil A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame retardants J. Fire Sci. 24 2006 345 364
D.-Y. Wang, Y.-P. Song, L. Lin, X.-L. Wang, and Y.-Z. Wang A novel phosphorus-containing poly(lactic acid) toward its flame retardation Polymer 52 2011 233 238
L.-L. Wei, D.-Y. Wang, H.-B. Chen, L. Chen, X.-L. Wang, and Y.-Z. Wang Effect of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant on the thermal properties and ease of ignition of poly(lactic acid) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96 2011 1557 1561
G. Fontaine, and S. Bourbigot Intumescent polylactide: a nonflammable material J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 113 2009 3860 3865
C. Réti, M. Casetta, S. Duquesne, S. Bourbigot, and R. Delobel Flammability properties of intumescent PLA including starch and lignin Polym. Adv. Technol. 19 2008 628 635
J. Zhan, L. Song, S. Nie, and Y. Hu Combustion properties and thermal degradation behavior of polylactide with an effective intumescent flame retardant Polym. Degrad. Stab. 94 2009 291 296
J.-X. Feng, S.-P. Su, and J. Zhu An intumescent flame retardant system using β-cyclodextrin as a carbon source in polylactic acid (PLA) Polym. Adv. Technol. 22 2011 1115 1122
C.-H. Ke, J. Li, K.-Y. Fang, Q.-L. Zhu, J. Zhu, Q. Yan, and Y.-Z. Wang Synergistic effect between a novel hyperbranched charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardant and anti-dripping properties of polylactide Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 2010 763 770
S. Xuan, X. Wang, L. Song, W. Xing, H. Lu, and Y. Hu Study on flame-retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of intumescent flame-retardant polylactide systems Polym. Int. 60 2011 1541 1547
K. Tao, J. Li, L. Xu, X. Zhao, L. Xue, X. Fan, and Q. Yan A novel phosphazene cyclomatrix network polymer: design, synthesis and application in flame retardant polylactide Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96 2011 1248 1254
R. Zhang, X. Xiao, Q. Tai, H. Huang, and Y. Hu Modification of lignin and its application as char agent in intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) Polym. Eng. Sci. 52 2012 2620 2626
R. Zhang, X. Xiao, Q. Tai, H. Huang, J. Yang, and Y. Hu Preparation of lignin-silica hybrids and its application in intumescent flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) system High. Perform. Polym. 24 2012 738 746
S. Bourbigot, S. Duquesne, G. Fontaine, S. Bellayer, T. Turf, and F. Samyn Characterization and reaction to fire of polymer nanocomposites with and without conventional flame retardants Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 486 2008 325 339
M.T. Huggard Fire retardant polyester fibers and other goods containing a new fire retardant Proc. BCC Conf. Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Stamford, CT May 1999
S. Hoerold and C. Steib, Glow wire resisyant flame retarded polymer compositions, European Patent 1626066, assigned to Clariant, November 14, 2007.
Y. Tang, Y. Hu, S.F. Wang, Z. Gui, Z.Y. Chen, and W.C. Fan Intumescent flame retardant-montmorillonite synergism in polypropylene-layered silicate nanocomposites Polym. Int. 52 2003 1396 1400
Y. Tang, Y. Hu, B.G. Li, L. Liu, Z.Z. Wang, Z.Y. Chen, and W.C. Fan Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites and intumescent, flame-retardant montmorillonite synergism in polypropylene nanocomposites J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 42 2004 6163 6173
N.A. Isitman, and C. "Kaynak Nanoclay and carbon nanotubes as potential synergists of an organophosphorus flame-retardant in poly(methyl methacrylate) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 2010 1523 1532
Hongfang Zhu, Q. Zhu, J. Li, K. Tao, L. Xue, and Q. Yan "Synergistic effect between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retarded polylactide Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96 2011 183 189
L.R.M. Estevao, M. Le Bras, R. Delobel, and R.S.V. Nascimento Spent refinery catalyst as a synergistic agent in intumescent formulations: influence of the catalyst's particle size and constituents Polym. Degrad. Stab. 88 1995 444 455
Q. Wu, and B.J. Qu Synergistic effects of silicotungistic acid on intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene Polym. Degrad. Stab. 74 2001 255 261
Y. Liu, and Q. Wang Catalytic action of phospho-tungstic acid in the synthesis of melamine salts of pentaerythritol phosphate and their synergistic effects in flame retarded polypropylene Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91 2006 2513 2519
Y. Li, B. Li, J. Dai, H. Jia, and S. Gao Synergistic effects of lanthanum oxide on a novel intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93 2008 9 16
B. Friederich, A. Laachachi, M. Ferriol, M. Cochez, R. Sonnier, V. Toniazzo, and D. Ruch Investigation of fire-resistance mechanisms of the ternary system (APP/MPP/TiO2) in PMMA Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97 2012 2154 2161
A. Laachachi, M. Cochez, E. Leroy, M. Ferriol, and J.M. Lopez-Cuesta Fire retardant systems in poly(methyl methacrylate): interactions between metal oxide nanoparticles and phosphinates Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 2007 61 69
F. Laoutid, L. Ferry, J.M. Lopez-Cuesta, and A. Crespy Red phosphorus/aluminium oxide compositions as flame retardants in recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 82 2003 357 363
F. Laoutid, L. Ferry, J.M. Lopez-Cuesta, and A. Crespy Flame-retardant action of red phosphorus/magnesium oxide and red phosphorus/iron oxide compositions in recycled PET Fire Mater. 30 2006 343 358
S.R. Sandler, Polyester resins flame retarded by poly(metal phosphinate)s, US Patent 4180495, assigned to Pennwalt, December 25, 1979.
S. Levchik, Chap 2 "Phosphorus-based FRs", In: A. B. Morgan and C.A. Wilkie (Eds.), Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook, Scrivener Publishing.
N. Cinausero, N. Azema, J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta, M. Cochez, and M. Ferriol Impact of modified alumina oxides on the fire properties of PMMA and PS nanocomposites Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011 22 2011 1931 1939
A.B. Morgan, P. A. Cusack and C.A. Wilkie, chap 9 "Other Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Chemistries and Future Flame Retardant Solutions", In: A. B. Morgan and C.A. Wilkie (Eds.), Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook, Scrivener Publishing
U. Braun, B. Schartel, M.A. Fichera, and C. Jaeger Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 2007 1528 1545
U. Braun, and B. Schartel Flame Retardancy Mechanisms of Aluminium Phosphinate in Combination with Melamine Cyanurate in Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) Macromol. Mater. Eng. 293 2008 206 217
Q. YAO, S.V. LEVCHIK and G.R. Alessio, Phosphorus-containing flame retardant for thermoplastic polymers, US Patent 7807737, assigned to ICL-IP, Octobre 2010.
A. Laachachi, M. Cochez, E. Leroy, M. Ferriol, and J.M. Lopez-Cuesta Fire retardant systems in poly(methyl methacrylate): interactions between metal oxide nanoparticles and phosphinates Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 2007 61 69
A. Laachachi, M. Cochez, E. Leroy, P. Gaudon, M. Ferriol, and J.M. Lopez Cuesta Effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles and APP on thermal stability and flame retardance of PMMA Polym. Adv. Technol. 17 2006 327 334
S. Bourbigot, G. Fontaine, and S. Duquesne Intumescence for the flame retardancy of polylactide Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials 21st 2010
D. Hagen, Y.-C. Li, and J.C. Grunlan Layer-by-layer assembly of intumescent nanocoatings for flame retardant fabric Abstracts of Papers, 244th ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Philadelphia, PA, United States 2012
T. Zhang, H. Yan, L. Shen, Z. Fang, X. Zhang, J. Wang, and B. Zhang A phosphorus-, nitrogen- and carbon-containing polyelectrolyte complex: preparation, characterization and its flame retardant performance on polypropylene RSC Adv. 4 89 2014 48285 48292
Z. Zheng, S. Liu, B. Wang, T. Yang, X. Cui, and H. Wang Preparation of a novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its synergistic effect in the intumescent flame-retarding polypropylene system Polym. Compos. 2014 Ahead of Print
T. Zhang, H. Yan, L. Shen, Z. Fang, X. Zhang, J. Wang, and B. Zhang Chitosan/Phytic Acid Polyelectrolyte Complex: A Green and Renewable Intumescent Flame Retardant System for Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Industrial Eng. Chem. Res. 53 49 2014 19199 19207
S. Brohez, G. Marlair, and C. Delvosalle Fire calorimetry relying on the use of the fire propagation apparatus. Part I: Early learning from use in Europe Fire Mater. 30 2006 131 149
R. Sonnier, L. Ferry, C. Longuet, F. Laoutid, B. Friederich, A. Laachachi, and J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta Combining cone calorimeter and PCFC to determine the mode of action of flame-retardant additives Polym. Adv. Technol. 22 2011 1091 1099