Abstract :
[en] Background The use of skin-lightening (SL) cosmetics appears to be common throughout
the world, especially among dark-skinned women from sub-Saharan Africa.
Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent of the practice of SL in
Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda, the motivations behind this practice and the complexity
of the adverse effects observed.
Methods An inventory of products sold on the Kigali market and their contents were
compared with the results of a survey investigating the products used by the local
population in order to deduce the proportions of people who depigment. The prevalence
and severity of SL side effects (dermatitis, skin cancers, etc.) were evaluated in
collaboration with dermatologists and general practitioners through a specific questionnaire
and interviews. The sociological profiles of adolescents and their motivations for practicing
SL were studied using qualitative and descriptive approaches through semi-direct individual
and collective interviews.
Results A total of 27 creams were identified and classified according to labeled ingredients
known to be depigmenting agents; 35% of the surveyed population were found to use
products with skin-bleaching properties, but only 27% stated that they used the products
specifically for these depigmenting properties. An inquiry into the motivations of
adolescents indicated that they know about and practice SL but are restricted by family,
religion, and Rwandese culture. Whenever side effects appear, consumers opt either to
stop bleaching practices for a short period or to switch from their commercial topical
product to another one with, presumably, a different composition.
Conclusions Albeit that many people acknowledge that there are possible side effects of
using preparations commonly used in SL, the practice is generally continued. Although it is
important to question the rationale behind the practice of SL, it is equally important to
develop and propose safer products.
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