Alternative Storage Of Hydrogen: Robust Design Optimization Of A Standalone Wind-powered Ammonia Plant

Injecting renewables, like wind and solar power, in the electricity grid is quite a challenge due to their intermittent nature and inability to balance the grid without additional temporary storage facilities [1, 2]. The integration of these renewable sources is however advocated by the European Commission to reach the legislative goals of 2020 (each EU country needs to have an energy production share of 20% by renewables) [3]. Finding a perfect solution to this conundrum is challenging due to practical issues that sustainable carbon-free fuels (e.g., hydrogen and ammonia) possess, like storing and producing cheap renewable electrohydrogen, and efficient and flexible production of cheap, renewable electroammonia on a small and medium scale [4, 5]. However, ammonia (NH3) is still considered a practical solution for the next energy generation system regarding energy transportation, storage, and power generation [4, 6].