Aguilar R., Ashworth L., Galetto L., Aizen M.A. (2006) Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta-analysis. Ecology Letters 9: 968–980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00927.x
Alonso M.Á., Guilló A., Pérez-Botella J., Crespo M.B., Juan A. (2014) Genetic assessment of population restorations of the critically endangered Silene hifacensis in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal for Nature Conservation 22: 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.007
Basey A.C., Fant J.B., Kramer A.T. (2015) Producing native plant materials for restoration: 10 rules to collect and maintain genetic diversity. Native Plants Journal 16: 37–53. https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.16.1.37
Beaujean J. (1997) La Joubarbe d’Aywaille, une plante protégée par la loi… menacée de destruction volontaire. Revue Verviétoise d’Histoire Naturelle 54: 7–14.
Berjano R., Gauthier P., Fisogni A., Doblas D., Pons V., Thompson J.D. (2013) Mate limitation in populations of the endangered Convolvulus lineatus L.: a case for genetic rescue? Journal for Nature Conservation 21: 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.05.001
Bizoux J.-P., Cristofoli S., Piqueray J., Mahy G. (2011) Conservation of an endemic metallophyte species: effect of population history and vegetative density on the reproductive success of Viola calaminaria. Journal for Nature Conservation 19: 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2010.06.002
Bottin L., Le Cadre S., Quilichini A., Bardin P., Moret J., Machon N. (2007) Re-establishment trials in endangered plants: a review and the example of Arenaria grandiflora, a species on the brink of extinction in the Parisian region (France). Ecoscience 14: 410–419. https://doi.org/10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[410:RTIEPA]2.0.CO;2
Colas B., Kirchner F., Riba M., Olivieri I., Mignot A., Imbert E., Beltrame C., Carbonelli D., Fréville H. (2008) Restoration de mography: a 10-year demographic comparison between introduced and natural populations of endemic Centaurea corymbosa (Asteraceae). Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1468–1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01536.x
Davies R., Di Sacco A., Newton R. (2015) Germination testing: procedures and evaluation. Technical Information Sheet 13a. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.
De Sloover J., Dufrêne M. (1998) Les territoires biogéographiques de la Belgique. Acta Geographica Lovaniensia 37: 13–34.
de Witte L.C., Stöcklin J. (2010) Longevity of clonal plants: why it matters and how to measure it. Annals of Botany 106: 859–870. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq191
Doyle J.J., Doyle J.L. (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12: 13–15.
Ellstrand N.C., Roose M.L. (1987) Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. American Journal of Botany 74: 123–131. https://doi.org/10.2307/2444338
ENSCONET (2009) ENSCONET seed collecting manual for wild species. European native seed conservation network [online]. Available from http://ensconet.maich.gr/Download.htm [accessed 13 Dec. 2016].
Enßlin A, Sandner T.M., Matthies D. (2011) Consequences of ex situ cultivation of plants: genetic diversity, fitness and adaptation of the monocarpic Cynoglossum officinale L. in botanic gardens. Biological Conservation 144: 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.001
Essl F., Moser D., Dirnböck T., Dullinger S., Milasowszky N., Winter M., Rabitsch W. (2013) Native, alien, endemic, threatened, and extinct species diversity in European countries. Biological Conservation 164: 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.005
Fant J.B., Kramer A., Sirkin E., Havens K. (2013) Genetics of reintroduced populations of the narrowly endemic thistle, Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae). Botany 91: 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0232
Faucon M.-P., Muding Tshilong B., Van Rossum F., Meerts P., Decocq G., Mahy G. (2012) Ecology and hybridization potential of two sympatric metallophytes, the narrow endemic Crepidorhopalon perennis (Linderniaceae) and its more widespread congener C. tenuis. Biotropica 44: 454–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00845.x
Godefroid S., Koedam N. (2003) Distribution pattern of the flora in a peri-urban forest: an effect of the city-forest ecotone. Landscape and Urban Planning 65: 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00013-6
Godefroid S., Piazza C., Rossi G., Buord S., Stevens A.-D., Aguraiuja R., Cowell C., Weekley C.W., Vogg C., Iriondo J.M., Johnson I., Dixon B., Gordon D., Magnanon S., Valentin B., Bjureke K., Koopman R., Vicens M., Virevaire M., Vanderborght T. (2011) How successful are plant species reintroductions? Biological Conservation 144: 672–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.003
Godefroid S., Le Pajolec S., Van Rossum F. (2016) Pre-translocation considerations in rare plant reintroductions: implications for designing protocols. Plant Ecology 217: 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0526-0
Gray A. (1996) Genetic diversity and its conservation in natural populations of plants. Biodiversity Letters 3: 71–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/2999720
Gross C.L., Nelson P.A., Haddadchi A., Fatemi M. (2012) Somatic mutations contribute to genotypic diversity in sterile and fertile populations of the threatened shrub, Grevillea rhizomatosa (Proteaceae). Annals of Botany 109: 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr283
Guillitte O. (2004a) Evaluation appropriée des incidences sur l’environnement en matière de conservation de la nature relative au projet de sécurisation de la paroi rocheuse de la Heid des Gattes, au droit des zones 28 et 38 à Aywaille. Rapport définitif, aCrea, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Guillitte O. (2004b) Evaluation appropriée des incidences sur l’environnement en matière de conservation de la nature relative au projet de sécurisation de la paroi rocheuse de la Heid des Gattes, au droit des zones 28 et 38 à Aywaille. Complément d’évaluation sur les solutions alternatives, aCrea, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Harzé M., Mahy G., Bizoux J.-P., Piqueray J., Monty A. (2015) Specialist plant species harbour higher reproductive performances in recently restored calcareous grasslands than in reference habitats. Plant Ecology and Evolution 148: 181–190. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.1013
James E.A., McDougall K.L. (2014) Spatial genetic structure reflects extensive clonality, low genotypic diversity and habitat fragmentation in Grevillea renwickiana (Proteaceae), a rare, sterile shrub from south-eastern Australia. Annals of Botany 114: 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu049
Khan Z., Santpere G., Traveset A. (2012) Breeding system and ecological traits of the critically endangered endemic plant Limonium barceloi (Gil and Llorens) (Plumbaginaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 298: 1101–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0619-3
Klein J.T., Kadereit J.W. (2015) Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of edaphic association in the European oreophytes Sempervivum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 176: 44–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/677948
Klekowski E.J. (1997) Somatic mutation theory of clonality. In: de Kroon H., van Groenendael J. (eds) The ecology and evolution of clonal plants: 227–241. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers.
Knuth P. (1908) Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Müller’s work ‘The fertilisation of flowers by insects’. Vol II. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Kühn I., Klotz S. (2002) Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz S., Kühn I., Durka W. (eds) BIOLFLOR-Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 38: 1–334.
Lambinon J., Verloove F. (2012) Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des regions voisines. 6th Ed. Meise, Edition du Jardin botanique national de Belgique.
Lawalrée A. (1956) Plantes médio-mosano-rhénanes. Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonea 23: 228–253.
Lloyd Praeger R. (1932) An account of the Sempervivum group. London, The Royal Horticultural Society.
Martinell M.C., Dötterl S., Blanché C., Rovira A., Massó S., Bosch M. (2010) Nocturnal pollination of the endemic Silene sennenii (Caryophyllaceae): an endangered mutualism? Plant Ecology 211: 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-010-9785-y
Maunder M., Culham A., Alden B., Zizka G., Orliac C., Lobin W., Bordeu A., Ramirez J.M., Glissmann-Gough S. (2000) Conservation of the Toromiro tree: case study in the management of a plant extinct in the wild. Conservation Biology 14: 1341–1350. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98520.x
Melen M.K., Herman J.A., Lucas J., O’Malley R.E., Parker I.M., Thom A.M., Whittall J.B. (2016) Reproductive success through high pollinator visitation rates despite self incompatibility in an endangered wallflower. American Journal of Botany 103: 1979–1989. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1600193
Menges E.S. (2008) Restoration demography and genetics of plants: when is a translocation successful? Australian Journal of Botany 56: 187–196.
Menz M.H., Phillips R.D., Winfree R., Kremen C., Aizen M.A., Johnson S.D., Dixon K.W. (2011) Reconnecting plants and pollinators: challenges in the restoration of pollination mutualisms. Trends in Plant Science 16: 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2010.09.006
Miller J.R., Hobbs R.J. (2007) Habitat restoration—Do we know what we’re doing? Restoration Ecology 15: 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00234.x
Montalvo A.M., Williams S.L., Rice K.J., Buchmann S.L., Cory C., Handel S.N., Nabhan G.P., Primack R., Robichaux R.H. (1997) Restoration biology: a population biology perspective. Restoration Ecology 5: 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.00542.x
Morren M.E. (1873a) Note sur la joubarbe d’Aywaille (Sempervivum funckii Br. var. aqualiense). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, session en Belgique, 20: LXIII–LXVII
Morren M.E. (1873b) Note sur la joubarbe d’Aywaille. Sempervivum funckii Br. var. aqualiense. Belgique horticole 23: 161–166.
Nei M. (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70: 3321–3323. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.12.3321
Nieto A., Roberts S.P.M., Kemp J., Rasmont P., Kuhlmann M., García Criado M., Biesmeijer J.C., Bogusch P., Dathe H.H., De la Rúa P., De Meulemeester T., Dehon M., Dewulf A., Ortiz- Sánchez F.J., Lhomme P., Pauly A., Potts S.G., Praz C., Quaranta M., Radchenko V.G., Scheuchl E., Smit J., Straka J., Terzo M., Tomozii B., Window J., Michez D. (2015) European Red List of Bees. Luxembourg, Publication Office of the European Union.
Oostermeijer J.G.B., Luijten S.H., den Nijs J.C.M. (2003) Integrating demographic and genetic approaches in plant conservation. Biological Conservation 113: 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00127-7
Patiny S., Terzo M. (2010) Catalogue et clé des sous-genres et espèces du genre Andrena de Belgique et du nord de la France (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium. Available from http://www.atlashymenoptera.net/biblio/Patiny_&_Terzo_2010_Andrena_Belgique_et_N_France:full.pdf [accessed 9 Feb. 2017].
Reiter N., Whitfield J., Pollard G., Bedggood W., Argall M., Dixon K., Davis B., Swarts N. (2016) Orchid re-introductions: an evaluation of success and ecological considerations using key comparative studies from Australia. Plant Ecology 217: 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0561-x
Ronse A.C.M., Leyssen A., Packet J., Denys L. (2015) Past and present distribution of the rare aquatic plant Luronium natans (Alismataceae) in Belgium shows marked decline and bad conservation status. Plant Ecology and Evolution 148: 160–170. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.1027
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2015) Seed Information Database (SID), version 7.1. Available from http://data.kew.org/sid/ [accessed 7 Sept. 2015].
Rucińska A., Puchalski J. (2011) Comparative molecular studies on the genetic diversity of an ex situ garden collection and its source population of the critically endangered polish endemic plant Cochlearia polonica E. Fröhlich. Biodiversity and Conservation 20: 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9965-z
Saintenoy-Simon J. (2005) La Heid des Gattes menacée. Parcs et Réserves 60: 2–21.
Saintenoy-Simon J., Barbier Y., Delescaille L.-M., Dufrêne M., Gathoye J.-L., Verté P. (2006) Première liste des espèces rares, menacées et protégées de la Région Wallonne (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes). Version 1 (7/3/2006). Available from http://biodiversite.wallonie.be/fr/plantes-protegees-et-menacees.html?IDC=3076 [accessed 7 Sept. 2015].
Somme L., Vanderplanck M., Michez D., Lombaerde I., Moerman R., Wathelet B., Wattiez R., Lognay G., Jacquemart A.-L. (2015) Pollen and nectar quality drive the major and minor floral choices of bumble bees. Apidologie 46: 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-014-0307-0
StatSoft (2015) STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 12.6. Available from http://www.statsoft.com [accessed 7 Jun. 2015].
Tepedino V.J., Bowlin W.R., Griswold T.L. (2012) Pollinators complicate conservation of an endemic plant: Physaria obcordata (Cruciferae) in the Piceance Basin, Colorado. Nature Areas Journal 32: 140–148. https://doi.org/10.3375/043.032.0202
’t Hart H., Bleij B., Zonneveld B. (2005) Sempervivum. In: Eggli U. (ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: 332–349. Berlin, Springer.
Vanden Berghen C. (1955) Etude sur les irradiations de plantes méridionales dans la vallée de la Meuse wallonne. Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 87: 29–55.
Vander Mijnsbrugge K., Bischoff A., Smith B. (2010) A question of origin: where and how to collect seed for ecological restoration. Basic and Applied Ecology 11: 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2009.09.002
Van Geert A., Van Rossum F., Triest L. (2008) Genetic diversity in adult and seedling populations of Primula vulgaris in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Conservation Genetics 9: 845–853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9409-9
Van Geert A., Van Rossum F., Triest L. (2015) Perspectives for genetic rescue of the extremely fragmented Primula vulgaris populations in The Netherlands: reflecting the future of Belgian populations? Plant Ecology and Evolution 148: 329–334. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2015.1101
Van Rossum F. (2008) Conservation of long-lived perennial forest herbs in an urban context: Primula elatior as study case. Conservation Genetics 9: 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9314-2
Volis S., Bohrer G., Oostermeijer J.G.B., van Tienderen P. (2005) Regional consequences of local population demography and genetics in relation to habitat management in Gentiana pneumonanthe. Conservation Biology 19: 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00564.x
Volis S., Blecher M. (2010) Quasi in situ: a bridge between ex situ and in situ conservation of plants. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 2441–2454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9849-2
Volis S. (2016, published online) Conservation meets restoration – rescuing threatened plant species by restoring their environments and restoring environments using threatened plant species. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1255021
Weeks A.R., Sgro C.M., Young A.G., Frankham R., Mitchell N.L., Miller K.A., Byrne M., Coates D.J., Eldridge M.D.B., Sunnucks P., Breed M.F., James E.A., Hoffmann A.A. (2011) Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in changing en vironments: a genetic perspective. Evolutionary Applications 4: 709–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00192.x
Wolf A.T., Howe R.W., Hamrick J.L. (2000) Genetic diversity and population structure of the serpentine endemic Calystegia collina (Convolvulaceae) in northern California. American Journal of Botany 87: 1138–1146. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656650
Yeh F.C., Boyle T.J.B. (1997) Population genetic analysis of codominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Belgian Journal of Botany 129: 157.
Zavodna M., Abdelkrim J., Pellissier V., Machon N. (2015) A longterm genetic study reveals complex population dynamics of multiple-source plant reintroductions. Biological Conservation 192: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.08.025
