Chenopodium quinoa Willd; Deep eutectic solvents; DES-Storage stabilization; Saponin green extraction; Chenopodium quinoa willd; Choline chloride; Deep eutectic solvent-storage stabilization; Green extractions; Greener solvents; Methanol-water; Simple++; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Building and Construction; Environmental Science (all); Strategy and Management; Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; General Environmental Science
Abstract :
[en] In this work, a simple, fast (10 min) and environmentally friendly extraction method using deep eutectic solvents (DES), based on choline chloride and glycerol, was established to extract saponins from five quinoa samples: a) husks of bitter seeds, b) bitter seeds, c) water-washed bitter seeds, d) sweet seeds of the INIAP-Tunkahuan variety, and e) sweet seeds of the INIAP-Pata de Venado variety. The selected green solvent was a eutectic mixture of choline chloride - glycerol - water at a 1:2:1 M ratio. The extractions were performed in a ball mixer mill at room temperature (RT). A classical methanol - water (70:30, v/v) extraction was performed for comparison. In all quinoa samples, the characterization and relative quantification of saponins were achieved based on mass spectrometry analyses. Regardless of the type of solvent used (conventional or green solvents), hederagenin and phytolaccagenic acid were the major detected sapogenins in all tested quinoa samples. The husks of bitter seeds were the matrix with the highest saponin content. Although methanol - water (70:30, v/v) was shown to extract three times more saponins compared to DES, the green solvent offered a higher stabilization of quinoa saponin liquid extracts - up to 2 months - compared to conventional solvents (ethanol - methanol - water; 67:23:10, v/v/v). The present research shows that DES represent an efficient green media for the stabilization of bioactive saponins from quinoa and have a potential as possible alternatives to organic solvents. Our work opens new perspectives for the valorization of saponin-rich quinoa by-products (the husks of bitter seeds) as components for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and agro-food applications.
Research center :
CIRMAP - Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères CISMA - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Spectrométrie de Masse
Disciplines :
Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology
Author, co-author :
Taco, Verónica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador ; Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
Savarino, Philippe ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Synthèse et spectrométrie de masse organiques
M136 - Chimie thérapeutique et Pharmacognosie S816 - Matériaux Polymères et Composites S836 - Synthèse et spectrométrie de masse organiques
Research institute :
R550 - Institut des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé R100 - Institut des Biosciences R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
Funders :
ARES CCD - Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur. Coopération au Développement
Funding text :
This work was supported by the Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur (ARES) in Belgium. V. Taco gratefully acknowledges the fellowship granted to her by ARES. The S2MOs laboratory acknowledges the “Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS)” for its contribution to the acquisition of the Waters Synapt G2-Si mass spectrometer. P. Savarino thanks the Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture (FRIA) for his PhD fellowship. S. Benali acknowledges supports by the European Community, Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER) for general support in the frame of LCFM-BIOMAT. J.M.R is Chercheur Qualifié from Belgian FNRS. We would like to thank the Maquita Cushunchic (MCCH) company in Ecuador for providing the quinoa seed samples for this study. We thank Raúl López, Diego Tafur, and Benjamín Martínez V. for their help and technical support.This work was supported by the Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur (ARES) in Belgium. V. Taco gratefully acknowledges the fellowship granted to her by ARES . The S 2 MOs laboratory acknowledges the “Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS)” for its contribution to the acquisition of the Waters Synapt G2-Si mass spectrometer. P. Savarino thanks the Fund for Research Training in Industry and Agriculture ( FRIA ) for his PhD fellowship. S. Benali acknowledges supports by the European Community, Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER) for general support in the frame of LCFM-BIOMAT. J.M.R is Chercheur Qualifié from Belgian FNRS . We would like to thank the Maquita Cushunchic (MCCH) company in Ecuador for providing the quinoa seed samples for this study. We thank Raúl López, Diego Tafur, and Benjamín Martínez V. for their help and technical support.
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