extrusion; orientation; piezoelectricity; poly(; process−structure−property relationships; D-isomers; Draw ratio; High draw ratios; Mesophases; Orientation; Piezoelectric property; Poly films; Poly(; Poly-l-lactide films; Process-structure-property relationship; Process Chemistry and Technology; Polymers and Plastics; Organic Chemistry
Abstract :
[en] Shear piezoelectric properties of uniaxially stretched poly(l-lactide) (US-PLA) films manufactured by an industrially relevant technique (i.e., extrusion-orientation without poling) are investigated, and specific insight on the process-structure-properties relationships is provided. Two commercially available PLA grades with d-isomer content between 2 and 4% are selected. The shear piezoelectric coefficient d14 of US-PLA films tends to increase with the draw ratio applied during the orientation stage, and a maximal d14 of 5.9 pC/N is reported. However, a dramatic degradation of piezoelectric properties could be observed at elevated draw ratios, in particular for PLA grades with low d-isomer content. Structures induced by the orientation stage are subsequently explored, and relations with shear piezoelectric properties are discussed. The mesophase is detected by DSC/WAXS up to draw ratio 4 after being replaced by strain-induced crystallization at higher draw ratios. The orientation state of the amorphous phase, mesophase, and α′-crystals is assessed by 2D-WAXS and polarized FTIR. Piezoelectric properties obtained at a moderate draw ratio are supported by the amount/orientation of each phase (partly oriented amorphous phase and fully oriented mesophase/α′-crystal phase). A model is proposed to evaluate the contribution of each phase. However, other structural parameters deserve careful attention at elevated draw ratios, in particular mechanical damage and formation of voids/cavities. 2D-SAXS analysis coupled with complementary characterizations indicates that the amount of voids/cavities controls the deterioration of shear piezoelectric performances at high draw ratios. This phenomenon is critical for highly crystalline PLA grades. A final discussion is dedicated to the quality of α′-crystals formed by current orientation conditions, a factor that could also limit the d14 coefficient of US-PLA films. This work consequently demonstrates that environmentally friendly piezoelectric films could be manufactured by a straightforward process of the plastic industry and opens up several scientific/technological perspectives for their future implementation into practical applications.
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering
Author, co-author :
Ben Achour, Mohamed Aymen; Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et de Mathématiques (CERAMATHS), Valenciennes, France
Barrau, Sophie ; Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Lille, France
Tahon, Jean-François; Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), Lille, France
Rguiti, Mohamed ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté Polytechnique > Service de Science des Matériaux ; Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et de Mathématiques (CERAMATHS), Valenciennes, France
Courtois, Christian ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté Polytechnique > Service de Science des Matériaux ; Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et de Mathématiques (CERAMATHS), Valenciennes, France
Stubbe, Birgit; Centexbel, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
Raquez, Jean-Marie ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Science > Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites
Lacrampe, Marie-France; IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, Lille, France
Samuel, Cédric ; IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, Lille, France
Language :
English
Title :
Shear Piezoelectricity of Poly(l-lactide) Films Manufactured by Extrusion-Orientation: An Insight on Process-Structure-Property Relationships
R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
Funders :
Interreg Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen Service Public de Wallonie Institut Chevreul Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland R?gion Hauts-de-France International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation Minist?re de l?Enseignement Sup?rieur, de la Recherche et de l?Innovation
Funding text :
All authors gratefully acknowledge Wallonia Region/Service Public de Wallonie (Belgium), West Vlaanderen Region (Belgium), Agentschap Innoveren Ondernemen (Belgium), and European Commission (FEDER) for the financial support in the framework of the INTERREG France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen program (BIOHARV project, GoToS3 portofolio). C.S. and M.-F.L. gratefully acknowledge both International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation (CISIT, France) and Hauts-de-France Region (France) for their contributions to funding extrusion equipment and important characterization tools (dynamic rheometers, microscopes, and tensile benches). S.B. and J.-F.T. gratefully acknowledge both Chevreul Institute (FR 2638, France), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (France), Hauts-de-France Region (France), and European Commission (FEDER) for funding X-ray facilities.
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