Identification; Macroplastic; Madagascar; Microplastic; Ratio; SEM-EDX; Energy-dispersive X-rays; Microfilaments; Microplastics; Organics; Scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray; Scanning electrons; Oceanography; Aquatic Science; Pollution
Abstract :
[en] Quantifying microplastics (MPs) in marine environments is challenging due to the complexities of differentiation from other materials. This study aims to distinguish petro-sourced plastic microfilaments from organic ones in environmental samples using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. Therefore, 38 particles resembling MPs (PRMPs) from sediments and organisms in Madagascar were analyzed. MPs identification thresholds were determined from SEM-EDX analysis of macroplastics and seaweed, the primary sources of microfilaments. SEM-EDX results of the 38 PRMPs were compared with identification/misidentification made by five MPs observation experts. Results indicated that a carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio >1 distinguished macroplastics and MPs from other sources (seaweed and organic microfilaments). SEM-EDX analysis identified 81.58% of PRMPs as MPs. The average error made by one observer was 36.32%. These findings highlight the need for a method to assess identification error in MPs quantification and recommend SEM-EDX analysis of microfilaments to gauge observer error.
Disciplines :
Aquatic sciences & oceanology
Author, co-author :
Raharinaivo, Lovasoa Rina ; University of Mons (UMONS), Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, University of Toliara - Test and Analysis of Materials research team at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), BP 141, Rue Dr. Rabesandratana, Mahavatse II, 601 Toliara, Madagascar, Marine Station of Belaza (UToliara-UMons-ULiège) at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Saint Augustin's road, 602 Toliara, Madagascar. Electronic address: raharinaivolovasoa@gmail.com
Batigny, Antoine ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Biologie des Organismes Marins et Biomimétisme
Raquez, Jean-Marie ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites
Mincheva, Rosica ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites
Bittencourt, Carla ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface
Maherizo, Tiandrainy Gédice Fernand; University of Toliara - Test and Analysis of Materials research team at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), BP 141, Rue Dr. Rabesandratana, Mahavatse II, 601 Toliara, Madagascar, Marine Station of Belaza (UToliara-UMons-ULiège) at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Saint Augustin's road, 602 Toliara, Madagascar
Todinanahary, Gildas Boleslas Georges; University of Toliara - Test and Analysis of Materials research team at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), BP 141, Rue Dr. Rabesandratana, Mahavatse II, 601 Toliara, Madagascar, Marine Station of Belaza (UToliara-UMons-ULiège) at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Saint Augustin's road, 602 Toliara, Madagascar
Lavitra, Thierry; Marine Station of Belaza (UToliara-UMons-ULiège) at Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), Saint Augustin's road, 602 Toliara, Madagascar
Eeckhaut, Igor ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Biologie des Organismes Marins et Biomimétisme
Language :
English
Title :
Differentiation of petro-sourced plastic microfilaments from organic microfilaments by SEM-EDX in environmental samples.
The research was done within the research project for development \u201CBioplastics and village seaweed farming in Madagascar\u201D financially supported by ARES-CCD (Belgium). Lovasoa Rina RAHARINAIVO benefited of financial support for field and laboratory work both in Madagascar and Belgium. She was selected as one of the twenty 2022 L'Or\u00E9al-UNESCO For Women in Science Young Talents of the Sub-Saharan Africa Program. We thank Assistants from the considered studied sites (Mr. Donn\u00E9, Mr. President FIMIHARA, Mr. Toto, Mr. Victor, Mr. Melan), Mr. Eric, Mr. Noelson, Mr. Tovo, all students helping me in field works, Dr. Alessandra WHAITE and BOMB team.
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