Chalk; classification; clay; diagenesis; microtexture; opal-CT; scanning electron microscope; sedimentation; Carbonate content; Chalk reservoirs; Insoluble particles; Micro-texture; Reservoir quality; Spatio temporal; Geology; Stratigraphy; General Engineering; Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Abstract :
[en] Microtexture describes the type of particles and their arrangement in matrix samples at scanning electron microscopy scale. Although a microtexture classification exists for micritic limestone, it cannot be directly applied to chalk. This study therefore proposes a classification of chalk microtextures and discusses the origin of microtexture variability. Chalk was sampled at thirteen spatio-temporal locations along the coastline of northern France (Cenomanian–Santonian). Four criteria are defined to describe, characterize and determine chalk matrix microtexture: (i) mineralogical content; (ii) biogenic fraction; (iii) micritic fraction; and (iv) cement fraction. From these criteria, two major groups are defined: Pure Chalk Microtexture Group, with seven classes, and Impure Chalk Microtexture Group, divided into two subgroups: Argillaceous Microtexture with four classes and Siliceous Microtexture with two classes. Microtexture variability is related both to initial sedimentation and to diagenesis. Sedimentological conditions (for example, climate and distance from shore) affect chalk composition (carbonate content and type of insoluble particles), thus influencing microtexture. Changes in Pure Chalk Microtexture are the result of increasing diagenetic intensity. This classification can also be used to characterize the microtexture of subsurface chalk reservoirs. Reservoir quality depends on the petrophysical and mechanical properties of reservoir rocks, which can be better understood by exploring their sedimentary and diagenetic history, revealed by the study of chalk microtexture variability.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Saïag, Jessica ; Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282 UBFC/CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France ; Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Reservoirs-IPRA, UMR5150, CNRS/TOTAL/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
Collin, Pierre-Yves; Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282 UBFC/CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
Sizun, Jean-Pierre; Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR 6249 UBFC/CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Herbst, Frédéric; Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB) UMR 6303 UBFC/CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
Funding text :
The PhD of Jessica Saïag was funded by Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (École Doctorale Environnement-Santé). This study was supported by funding from Total S.A., the BRGM (French Geological Survey), and the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers THETA Bourgogne–Franche-Comté. Our thanks go to Yves Leroy, Bertrand Gauthier (TOTAL), Phillipe Robion (University of Cergy-Pontoise), Rudy Swennen (KU Leuven), Sara Vandycke (University of Mons), Emmanuelle Vennin and Jean-François Deconinck (University of Burgundy Franche-Comté), for their support throughout this study. We are also grateful to Didier Convert-Gaubier, Ludovic Bruneau and Théophile Cocquerez for technical support. We thank Peir Pufahl (Editor in Chief), John Reijmer (Associate Editor), Kresten Anderskouv, Ida Fabricius and the other anonymous reviewers, for their helpful comments, which have served to improve our manuscript.
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