Beta diversity; City size; Endangered species; Europe; Species richness; Urban green spaces; Wild bees; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract :
[en] In the context of worldwide biodiversity and wild bee decline, it is increasingly important to better understand the effect of land-use changes on wild bee communities at a global scale. To do so, we studied the effect of city area and urban green spaces layout on wild bee species richness and community composition, as well as on wild bee species with an unfavorable UICN conservation status. This study was based on a large European dataset encompassing 20 cities from France, Belgium and Switzerland. We found a mean wild bee species richness in cities of 96 ± 48 (SD), showing that this species richness was highly variable among cities. The main factor positively influencing wild bee species richness in cities was the area of the city. Conversely, species richness was not significantly related to the total area of urban green spaces in a given city, measured as the spatial extent of urban parks, wastelands and other semi-natural habitats, excluding urban private gardens. Species with conservation status were quite scarce in urban environments, especially when compared to the European Red List of Bees, and we could not link their presence to either city or urban green space area. Dissimilarities in wild bee species community compositions were not associated with any of the studied characteristics of cities. We found that the dissimilarity of wild bee community composition among cities was mainly driven by the rarest species, as the most common ones were found in a majority of the cities sampled. Overall, these results emphasize that larger cities host more wild bee species, but are no refuge for the ones with concerning conservation status. Thus, stakeholders are encouraged to design their cities in favor of biodiversity to better support wild bee communities, and perhaps mitigate the established effect of the urban ecological filter.
Disciplines :
Entomology & pest control
Author, co-author :
Fauviau, Arthur ; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (UMR 7618), SU, UPEC, UPC, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Paris, France
Fiordaliso, William ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service Écologie des Interactions et Changements Globaux
Fisogni, Alessandro; Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
Fortel, Laura; Unité de Recherche Abeilles & Environnement (UR406), INRAE, Avignon, France
Francis, Frédéric; Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech – University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
Geslin, Benoît ; IMBE, Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France ; Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, Rennes, France
Hautekèete, Nina ; Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
Heiniger, Charlène; HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
Lambert, Olivier; Centre Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage et des Ecosystèmes-Oniris, Nantes, France
Feon, Violette Le; Independent environmental scientist, France
Massol, François; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (U1019 - UMR 9017), Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
Michelot-Antalik, Alice ; Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, Nancy, France
Michez, Denis ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Zoologie
Mouret, Hugues; ARTHROPOLOGIA, France
Noël, Grégoire ; Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech – University of Liège, TERRA, Gembloux, Belgium
Piquot, Yves ; Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France
Ropars, Lise; IMBE, Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France ; Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (UMR 7204), MNHN, CNRS, SU, Paris, France
Schurr, Lucie ; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (UMR 7618), SU, UPEC, UPC, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Paris, France ; IMBE, Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France ; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Reeth, Colin Van ; Research Center for Alpine Ecosystems, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, France
Zaninotto, Vincent ; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (UMR 7618), SU, UPEC, UPC, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Paris, France
Dajoz, Isabelle; Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (UMR 7618), SU, UPEC, UPC, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Paris, France ; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Henry, Mickaël; Unité de Recherche Abeilles & Environnement (UR406), INRAE, Avignon, France
S850 - Ecologie des Interactions et Changements Globaux
Research institute :
Biosciences
Funders :
Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche
Funding text :
This work has been funded by a grant from the Institut de la Transition Environnementale of Sorbonne Universit\u00E9, by two grants from the Groupement de Recherche Pollin\u00E9co and by the French Minist\u00E8re de la Transition Ecologique et de la Coh\u00E9sion des Territoires. Data will be available upon request.
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