Counterions; Electrochemical doping; Electrochemicals; General methodologies; Glassy electrolytes; Ions implantation; Isotropic diffusion; Nano scale; Polymeric semiconductors; Scaling limitation; Bioengineering; Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics; Biomedical Engineering; Materials Science (all); Condensed Matter Physics; Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract :
[en] Nanoresolved doping of polymeric semiconductors can overcome scaling limitations to create highly integrated flexible electronics, but remains a fundamental challenge due to isotropic diffusion of the dopants. Here we report a general methodology for achieving nanoscale ion-implantation-like electrochemical doping of polymeric semiconductors. This approach involves confining counterion electromigration within a glassy electrolyte composed of room-temperature ionic liquids and high-glass-transition-temperature insulating polymers. By precisely adjusting the electrolyte glass transition temperature (Tg) and the operating temperature (T), we create a highly localized electric field distribution and achieve anisotropic ion migration that is nearly vertical to the nanotip electrodes. The confined doping produces an excellent resolution of 56 nm with a lateral-extended doping length down to as little as 9.3 nm. We reveal a universal exponential dependence of the doping resolution on the temperature difference (Tg - T) that can be used to depict the doping resolution for almost infinite polymeric semiconductors. Moreover, we demonstrate its implications in a range of polymer electronic devices, including a 200% performance-enhanced organic transistor and a lateral p-n diode with seamless junction widths of <100 nm. Combined with a further demonstration in the scalability of the nanoscale doping, this concept may open up new opportunities for polymer-based nanoelectronics.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Xiang, Lanyi; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
He, Zihan; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Yan, Chaoyi; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Zhao, Yao ; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Li, Zhiyi; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Jia, Lingxuan; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Jiang, Ziling; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Dai, Xiaojuan; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
LEMAUR, Vincent ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Chimie des matériaux nouveaux
Ma, Yingqiao ; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Liu, Liyao; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Meng, Qing; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Zou, Ye ; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Beljonne, David ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Chimie des matériaux nouveaux
Zhang, Fengjiao ; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. fjiaozhang@ucas.ac.cn
Zhang, Deqing; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Di, Chong-An ; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. dicha@iccas.ac.cn
Zhu, Daoben; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux R150 - Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Complexes
Funders :
National Natural Science Foundation of China China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Funding text :
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation (22125504, 22021002, 22305253, U22A6002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0520000), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Z220025), the K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2020-02), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (119103S395), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (E1E40301X2, E2E40305X2), CAS (ZDBS-LYSLH034). We thank W. Zhang and I. Mcculloch (Imperial College London) for providing the PBTTT polymers. We appreciate J. Jiang (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for the valuable discussion on the mechanism part. The work in Mons has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 964677 (MITICS) and computational resources have been provided by the Consortium des \u00C9quipements de Calcul Intensif (C\u00C9CI), funded by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (FRS-FNRS) under grant number 2.5020.11 and by the Walloon Region. D.B. is FNRS Research Director.
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