[en] Recognized as a transdiagnostic factor, emotion regulation (ER) is increasingly embedded into conceptualizations of psychopathology development and maintenance, emerging as a core component of treatment methodologies. Therefore, the incorporation of ER into various facets of affective sciences, including theoretical frameworks, experimental paradigms, assessment methods, and intervention strategies, raises new challenges, particularly regarding the measurement of ER. In the evaluation and understanding of complex, multifaceted processes like ER, the combination of different assessment methods encompassing diverse units of analysis across multiple domains encompassing cerebral, physiological, and behavioral measures can prove particularly interesting. Among these approaches, the concurrent recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) emerges as a promising strategy, enabling a more holistic exploration of the ER process at both central and peripheral levels. This brief paper aims to explore current literature concerning the utilization of EEG and EDA in the investigation of ER and to bring arguments supporting their simultaneous recording in order to gain a better understanding of ER processes.
Research center :
CIPSE - Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en Psychophysiologie et Electrophysiologie de la cognition
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Sistiaga, Sonia; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
Bodart, Alice ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education > Service de Psychologie cognitive et Neuropsychologie
Sequeira, Henrique; Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
Campanella, Salvatore ; Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann - Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Emotion Regulation Assessment: A New Perspective Using Simultaneous Electroencephalographic and Electrodermal Recordings.
Harrison NA Critchley HD. Affective neuroscience and psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;191:192–194. doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037077
Buck R. On the definition of emotion: Functional and structural considerations. Curr Psychol Cogn. 1984;4(1):44–47.
Levenson RW. Human emotions: A functional view. In: Ekman P Davidson RJ, eds. The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions. Oxford University Press; 1994:123–126.
Mauss IB Levenson RW McCarter L Wilhelm FH Gross JJ. The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotion. 2005;5(2):175–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.175
Gross JJ Barrett LF. Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two Depends on your point of view. Emot Rev. 2011;3(1):8–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910380974
Soroush MZ Maghooli K Setarehdan SK Nasrabadi AM. Emotion recognition through EEG phase space dynamics and Dempster-Shafer theory. Med Hypotheses. 2019;127:34–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.025
Fox NJ. Emotions, affects and the production of social life. British J Sociol. 2015;66(2):301–318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12119
Parrott WG. Components and the definition of emotion. Information Sur Les Sciences Sociales/Social Science Information. 2007;46(3):419–423. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/05390184070460030109
Ochsner K Gross J. The cognitive control of emotion. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9(5):242–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010
Gross JJ Jazaieri H. Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci. 2014;2(4):387–401. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614536164
Gross JJ Muñoz RF. Emotion regulation and mental health. Clin Psychol (New York). 1995;2(2):151–164. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x
Gross JJ. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Rev Gen Psychol. 1998;2(3):271–299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
Côté S Gyurak A Levenson RW. The ability to regulate emotion is associated with greater well-being, income, and socioeconomic status. Emotion. 2010;10(6):923–933. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021156
DeSteno D Gross JJ Kubzansky L. Affective science and health: The importance of emotion and emotion regulation. Health Psychol. 2013;32(5):474–486. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030259
Gross JJ Thompson RA. Emotion regulation: conceptual foundations. In: Gross JJ, ed. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. The Guilford Press; 2007:3–24.
Kring AM Sloan DM. Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Etiology and Treatment. The Guilford Press; 2010.
Aldao A Nolen-Hoeksema S Schweizer S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(2):217–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
Hayes AM Feldman G. Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clin Psychol (New York). 2004;11(3):255–262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph080
Mennin DS. Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy/Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2004;11(1):17–29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.389
Schoenberg PLA David AS. Biofeedback for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014;39(2):109–135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-014-9246-9
Martin RE Ochsner KN. The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2016;10:142–148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.06.006
Small DM Gregory MD Mak YE Gitelman D Mesulam MM Parrish T. Dissociation of neural representation of intensity and affective valuation in human gustation. Neuron. 2003;39(4):701–711. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00467-7
Haber SN Knutson B. The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009;35(1):4–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.129
Wager TD Smith EE. Neuroimaging studies of working memory. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2003;3(4):255–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.3.4.255
Davidson RJ Putnam KM Larson CL. Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation–A possible prelude to violence. Science. 2000;289(5479):591–594. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5479.591
Aron AR Robbins TW Poldrack RA. Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2004;8(4):170–177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.010
Mitchell DGV. The nexus between decision making and emotion regulation: A review of convergent neurocognitive substrates. Behav Brain Res. 2010;217(1):215–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.10.030
Shenhav A Botvinick MM Cohen JD. The expected value of control: An integrative theory of anterior cingulate Cortex function. Neuron. 2013;79(2):217–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.07.007
Benarroch EE. The central autonomic network: Functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68(10):988–1001. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62272-1
Beissner F Meissner K Bär KJ Napadow V. The autonomic brain: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis for central processing of autonomic function. J Neurosci. 2013;33(25):10503–10511. doi: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1103-13.2013
Benarroch EE. Physiology and pathophysiology of the autonomic nervous system. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020;26(1):12–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000817
Valenza G Passamonti L Duggento A Toschi N Barbieri R. Uncovering complex central autonomic networks at rest: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study on complex cardiovascular oscillations. J R Soc Interface. 2020;17(164):20190878. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0878
Valenza G Sclocco R Duggento A, et al. The central autonomic network at rest: Uncovering functional MRI correlates of time-varying autonomic outflow. Neuroimage. 2019;197:383–390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.075
Insel T Cuthbert B Garvey M, et al. Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(7):748–751. doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379
Lin W Li C. Review of studies on emotion recognition and judgment based on physiological signals. Appl Sci. 2023;13(4):2573. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042573
Jang EH Byun S Park MS Sohn JH. Reliability of physiological responses induced by basic emotions: a pilot study. J Physiol Anthropol. 2019;38(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-019-0209-y
Lai CF Lai YH Hwang RH Huang TC. Physiological signals anticipatory computing for individual emotional state and creativity thinking. Comput Human Behav. 2019;101:450–456. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.015
Lee J Yoo SK. Design of user-customized negative emotion classifier based on feature selection using physiological signal sensors. Sensors. 2018;18(12):4253. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124253
Sequeira H Hot P Silvert L Delplanque S. Electrical autonomic correlates of emotion. Int J Psychophysiol. 2009;71(1):50–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.009
Wei W Jia Q Feng Y Chen G. Emotion recognition based on weighted fusion strategy of multichannel physiological signals. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2018;2018:1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5296523
Chen J Hu B Moore P Zhang X Ma X. Electroencephalogram-based emotion assessment system using ontology and data mining techniques. Appl Soft Comput. 2015;30:663–674. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2015.01.007
Duville MM Pérez Y Hugues-Gudiño R Naal-Ruiz NE Alonso-Valerdi LM Ibarra-Zarate DI. Systematic review: Emotion recognition based on electrophysiological patterns for emotion regulation detection. Appl Sci. 2023;13(12):6896. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13126896
Qing C Qiao R Xu X Cheng Y. Interpretable emotion recognition using EEG signals. IEEE Access. 2019;7:94160–94170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2928691
Christensen LR Abdullah MA. EEG emotion detection review. 2018 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; May 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/cibcb.2018.8404976
Dadebayev D Goh WW Tan EX. EEG-based emotion recognition: Review of commercial EEG devices and machine learning techniques. Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences/Maǧalaẗ Ǧam'aẗ Al-Malīk Saud: Ùlm Al-ḥasib Wa Al-ma'lumat. 2022;34(7):4385–4401. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.03.009
Li Y Zheng W Wang L Zong Y Cui Z. From regional to global brain: A novel hierarchical spatial-temporal neural network model for EEG emotion recognition. IEEE Trans Affective Comput. 2022;13(2):568–578. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2019.2922912
Suhaimi NS Mountstephens J Teo J. EEG-Based Emotion recognition: A state-of-the-art review of current trends and opportunities. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2020;2020:1–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875426
Ertl M Hildebrandt M Ourina K Leicht G Mulert C. Emotion regulation by cognitive reappraisal — the role of frontal theta oscillations. NeuroImage. 2013;81:412–421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.044
Kang JH Jeong JW Kim HT Kim SH Kim SP. Representation of cognitive reappraisal goals in frontal gamma oscillations. PloS One. 2014;9(11):e113375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113375
Tortella-Feliu M Morillas-Romero A Balle M Llabrés J Bornas X Putman P. Spontaneous EEG activity and spontaneous emotion regulation. Int J Psychophysiol. 2014;94(3):365–372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.09.003
Zouaoui I Zellag M Hernout J Dumais A Potvin S Lavoie ME. Alpha and theta oscillations during the cognitive reappraisal of aversive pictures: A spatio-temporal qEEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol. 2023;192:13–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.07.001
Mikutta CA Maissen G Altorfer A Strik W Koenig T. Professional musicians listen differently to music. Neuroscience. 2014;268:102–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.007
Barwick F Arnett P Slobounov S. EEG Correlates of fatigue during administration of a neuropsychological test battery. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(2):278–284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.06.027
Kiroy VN Warsawskaya LV Voynov VB. EEG After prolonged mental activity. Int J Neurosci. 1996;85(1-2):31–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459608986349
Sulpizio S Grecucci A Job R. Tune in to the right frequency: Theta changes when distancing from emotions elicited by unpleasant images and words. European J Neurosci/EJN European J Neurosci. 2020;53(3):916–928. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15013
Uusberg A Thiruchselvam R Gross JJ. Using distraction to regulate emotion: Insights from EEG theta dynamics. Int J Psychophysiol. 2014;91(3):254–260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.01.006
Hajcak G MacNamara A Olvet DM. Event-Related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review. Dev Neuropsychol. 2010;35(2):129–155. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/87565640903526504
Adolphs R Tranel D Damasio H Damasio A. Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala. Nature. 1994;372(6507):669–672. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/372669a0
Campanella S Gaspard C Debatisse D Bruyer R Crommelinck M Guerit JM. Discrimination of emotional facial expressions in a visual oddball task: An ERP study. Biol Psychol. 2002;59(3):171–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00005-4
Campanella S Rossignol M Mejias S, et al. Human gender differences in an emotional visual oddball task: An event-related potentials study. Neurosci Lett. 2004;367(1):14–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.097
Campanella S Philippot P. Insights from ERPs into emotional disorders: An affective neuroscience perspective. Psychol Belg. 2006;46(1-2):37. doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-46-1-2-37
Balconi M Crivelli D. FRN And P300 ERP effect modulation in response to feedback sensitivity: The contribution of punishment-reward system (BIS/BAS) and behaviour identification of action. Neurosci Res. 2010;66(2):162–172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.10.011
Balconi M Mazza G. Brain oscillations and BIS/BAS (behavioral inhibition/activation system) effects on processing masked emotional cues. Int J Psychophysiol. 2009;74(2):158–165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.006
Olofsson JK Nordin S Sequeira H Polich J. Affective picture processing: An integrative review of ERP findings. Biol Psychol. 2008;77(3):247–265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.006
Proudfit GH Inzlicht M Mennin D. Anxiety and error monitoring: The importance of motivation and emotion. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00636
Cuthbert BN Schupp HT Bradley MM Birbaumer N Lang PJ. Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biol Psychol. 2000;52(2):95–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00044-7
Hajcak G Foti D. Significance?… Significance! Empirical, methodological, and theoretical connections between the late positive potential and P300 as neural responses to stimulus significance: An integrative review. Psychophysiology. 2020;57(7). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13570
MacNamara A Joyner K Klawohn J. Event-related potential studies of emotion regulation: A review of recent progress and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol. 2022;176:73–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.008
Dunning JP Hajcak G. See no evil: Directing visual attention within unpleasant images modulates the electrocortical response. Psychophysiology. 2008;46(1):28–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00723.x
MacNamara A Ferri J Hajcak G. Working memory load reduces the late positive potential and this effect is attenuated with increasing anxiety. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2011;11(3):321–331. doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-011-0036-z
Moser JS Hajcak G Bukay E Simons RF. Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study. Psychophysiology. 2006;43(3):292–296. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00402.x
Langeslag SJE Sanchez ME. Down-regulation of love feelings after a romantic break-up: Self-report and electrophysiological data. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018;147(5):720–733. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000360
Kraus B Kitayama S. Interdependent self-construal predicts emotion suppression in Asian Americans: An electro-cortical investigation. Biol Psychol. 2019;146:107733. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107733
Hajcak G Weinberg A MacNamara A Foti D. ERPs and the study of emotion. In: Luck SJ Kappenman ES, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components. Oxford University Press; 2012:441–472.
Schupp HT Flaisch T Stockburger J Junghöfer M. Emotion and attention: event-related brain potential studies. In: Progress in Brain Research. 2006:31–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56002-9
Dolcos F Rice HJ Cabeza R. Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: Right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26(7):819–825. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00068-4
Schupp HT Öhman A Junghöfer M Weike AI Stockburger J Hamm AO. The facilitated processing of threatening faces: An ERP analysis. Emotion. 2004;4(2):189–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.189
Herbert C Junghofer M Kissler J. Event related potentials to emotional adjectives during Reading. Psychophysiology. 2008;45(3):487–498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00638.x
Kissler J Herbert C Peyk P Junghofer M. Buzzwords: Early cortical responses to emotional words during Reading. Psychol Sci. 2007;18(6):475–480. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01924.x
Walentowska W Wronka E. Trait anxiety and involuntary processing of facial emotions. Int J Psychophysiol. 2012;85(1):27–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.12.004
De Cesarei A Codispoti M. When does size not matter? Effects of stimulus size on affective modulation. Psychophysiology. 2006;43(2):207–215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00392.x
Frank DW Sabatinelli D. Hemodynamic and electrocortical reactivity to specific scene contents in emotional perception. Psychophysiology. 2019;56(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13340
Farkas AH Oliver KI Sabatinelli D. Emotional and feature-based modulation of the early posterior negativity. Psychophysiology. 2019;57(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13484
Cacioppo JT Amaral DG Blanchard JJ, et al. Social neuroscience: Progress and implications for mental health. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2007;2(2):99–123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00032.x
Levenson RW Ekman P Friesen WV. Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology. 1990;27(4):363–384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02330.x
Boucsein W Fowles DC Grimnes S, et al. Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements. Psychophysiology. 2012;49(8):1017–1034. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01384.x
Kreibig SD. Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biol Psychol. 2010;84(3):394–421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010
Zheng NWL Lu NBL. Investigating critical frequency bands and channels for EEG-based emotion recognition with deep neural networks. IEEE Trans Auton Ment Dev. 2015;7(3):162–175. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tamd.2015.2431497
Feng H Golshan HM Mahoor MH. A wavelet-based approach to emotion classification using EDA signals. Expert Syst Appl. 2018;112:77–86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.06.014
Picard RW Vyzas E Healey J. Toward machine emotional intelligence: Analysis of affective physiological state. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2001;23(10):1175–1191. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/34.954607
López-Gil JM Virgili-Gomá J Gil R García R. Method for improving EEG based emotion recognition by combining it with synchronized biometric and eye tracking technologies in a non-invasive and low cost way. Front Comput Neurosci. 2016:10. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2016.00085
Turpin G Grandfield T. Electrodermal Activity. Elsevier eBooks; 2007:899–902. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00139-2
Amrhein C Mühlberger A Pauli P Wiedemann G. Modulation of event-related brain potentials during affective picture processing: A complement to startle reflex and skin conductance response? Int J Psychophysiol. 2004;54(3):231–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.05.009
Bradley MM Lang PJ Cuthbert BN. Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: Habituation in humans. Behav Neurosci. 1993;107(6):970–980. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.107.6.970
Park B. Psychophysiology as a tool for HCI research: promises and pitfalls. In: Jacko JA, ed. Lecture notes in computer science. Vol. 5610. Human-Computer Interaction: New Trends. Springer-Verlag; 2009:141–148.
Kosonogov V De Zorzi L Honoré J, et al. Facial thermal variations: A new marker of emotional arousal. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0183592. Published 2017 Sep 18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183592
Pastor MC Bradley MM Löw A Versace F Moltó J Lang PJ. Affective picture perception: Emotion, context, and the late positive potential. Brain Res. 2008;1189:145–151. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.072
Witvliet Cv Vrana SR. Emotional imagery, the visual startle, and covariation bias: An affective matching account. Biol Psychol. 2000;52(3):187–204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0511(00)00027-2
McRae K Shiota M. Biological and Physiological Aspects of Emotion Regulation. Oxford University Press eBooks; 2017:43–59. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198765844.003.0003
Demaree HA Robinson JL Pu J Allen JJB. Strategies actually employed during response-focused emotion regulation research: Affective and physiological consequences. Cogn Emot. 2006;20(8):1248–1260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930500405303
Driscoll D Tranel D Anderson SW. The effects of voluntary regulation of positive and negative emotion on psychophysiological responsiveness. Int J Psychophysiol. 2009;72(1):61–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.012
Lemaire M El-Hage W Frangou S. Reappraising suppression: subjective and physiological correlates of experiential suppression in healthy adults. Front Psychol. 2014;5. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00571
Webb TL Miles E Sheeran P. Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(4):775–808. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027600
Gross JJ Levenson RW. Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. J Abnorm Psychol. 1997;106(1):95–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.106.1.95
Egloff B Schmukle SC Burns LR Schwerdtfeger A. Spontaneous emotion regulation during evaluated speaking tasks: Associations with negative affect, anxiety expression, memory, and physiological responding. Emotion. 2006;6(3):356–366. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.356
Urry HL Van Reekum CM Johnstone T Davidson RJ. Individual differences in some (but not all) medial prefrontal regions reflect cognitive demand while regulating unpleasant emotion. NeuroImage. 2009;47(3):852–863. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.069
Lohani M Isaacowitz DM. Age differences in managing response to sadness elicitors using attentional deployment, positive reappraisal and suppression. Cognition and Emotion. 2013;28(4):678–697. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.853648
Stiller AK Kattner MF Gunzenhauser C Schmitz B. The effect of positive reappraisal on the availability of self-control resources and self-regulated learning*. Educ Psychol (Lond). 2018;39(1):86–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1524851
Zaehringer J Jennen-Steinmetz C Schmahl C Ende G Paret C. Psychophysiological effects of downregulating negative emotions: Insights from a meta-analysis of healthy adults. Front Psychol. 2020:11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00470
Efinger L Thuillard S Dan-Glauser ES. Distraction and reappraisal efficiency on immediate negative emotional responses: Role of trait anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping/Anxiety, Stress & Coping. 2019;32(4):412–427. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2019.1597859
Chang L. Brain responses to visceral and somatic stimuli in irritable bowel syndrome: A central nervous system disorder? Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2005;34(2):271–279. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2005.02.003
Kano M Oudenhove LV Dupont P Wager TD Fukudo S. Imaging brain mechanisms of functional somatic syndromes: Potential as a biomarker? Tohoku J Exp Med. 2020;250(3):137–152. doi: https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.250.137
Seeley SH Garcia E Mennin DS. Recent advances in laboratory assessment of emotion regulation. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015;3:58–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.009
Thayer JF Ahs F Fredrikson M Sollers JJ 3rdWager TD. A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(2):747–756. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009
Mather M Thayer J. How heart rate variability affects emotion regulation brain networks. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;19:98–104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.017
Rho G Callara AL Bernardi G Scilingo EP Greco A. EEG cortical activity and connectivity correlates of early sympathetic response during cold pressor test. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27480-z
Garcia A Uribe CE Tavares MCH Tomaz C. EEG And autonomic responses during performance of matching and non-matching to sample working memory tasks with emotional content. Front Behav Neurosci. 2011;5. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00082.
Visnovcova V Calkovska A Tonhajzerova I. Heart rate variability and electrodermal activity as noninvasive indices of sympathovagal balance in response to stress. Acta Medica Martiniana. 2013;13(1):5–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2013-0006
Shaffer F Ginsberg JP. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front Public Health. 2017;5. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258
Illigens BM Gibbons CH. Sweat testing to evaluate autonomic function. Clin Auton Res. 2009;19(2):79–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-008-0506-8
Setz C Arnrich B Schumm J La Marca R Tröster G Ehlert U. Discriminating stress from cognitive load using a wearable EDA device. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed. 2010;14(2):410–417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2009.2036164
Healey JA Picard RW. Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. 2005;6(2):156–166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2005.848368
Sequeira H Roy JC. Cortical and Hypothalamo-Limbic Control of Electrodermal Responses. Springer eBooks; 1993:93–114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2864-7_8
Lang PJ Greenwald MK Bradley MM Hamm AO. Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology. 1993;30(3):261–273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x
Mauss IB Robinson MD. Measures of emotion: A review. Cogn Emot. 2009;23(2):209–237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802204677
Kroupi E Vesin JM Ebrahimi T. Phase-Amplitude Coupling between EEG and EDA While Experiencing Multimedia Content. Conference: Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 2013 Humaine Association Conference On; September 2013. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2013.162
Posada-Quintero HF Chon KH. Phasic Component of Electrodermal Activity is more Correlated to Brain Activity than Tonic Component. 2019 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI); May 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2019.8834567
Vico C Guerra P Robles H Vila J Anllo-Vento L. Affective processing of loved faces: Contributions from peripheral and central electrophysiology. Neuropsychologia. 2010;48(10):2894–2902. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.031
Yasemin M Sarikaya MA Ince G. Emotional State Estimation using Sensor Fusion of EEG and EDA. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference, 2019; July 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856895
Banik S Kumar H Ganapathy N Swaminathan R. Assessment of Valance Emotional State Using EEG-EDA Coupling and Explainable Classifiers. Stud Health Technol Inform. Published online 22 août 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/shti240569
Boehme S Biehl SC Mühlberger A. Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation. Brain Sci. 2019;9(9):225. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090225
Hofmann W Friese M Strack F. Impulse and self-control from a dual-systems perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2009;4(2):162–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x
Foti D Hajcak G. Deconstructing reappraisal: Descriptions preceding arousing pictures modulate the subsequent neural response. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008;20(6):977–988. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20066
Moser JS Most SB Simons RF. Increasing negative emotions by reappraisal enhances subsequent cognitive control: A combined behavioral and electrophysiological study. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2010;10(2):195–207. doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.10.2.195
Thiruchselvam R Blechert J Sheppes G Rydstrom A Gross JJ. The temporal dynamics of emotion regulation: An EEG study of distraction and reappraisal. Biol Psychol. 2011;87(1):84–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.009
Pastor MC Rehbein MA Junghöfer M Poy R López R Moltó J. Facing challenges in differential classical conditioning research: Benefits of a hybrid design for simultaneous electrodermal and electroencephalographic recording. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00336
D’Hondt F. Early brain-body impact of emotional arousal. Front Hum Neurosci. 2010. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00033
Bach DR Flandin G Friston KJ Dolan RJ. Modelling event-related skin conductance responses. Int J Psychophysiol. 2010;75(3):349–356. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.01.005
Baker SR Edelmann RJ. Is social phobia related to lack of social skills? Duration of skill-related behaviours and ratings of behavioural adequacy. British J Clin Psychol. 2002;41(3):243–257. doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466502760379118
Lapate RC Rokers B Li T Davidson RJ. Nonconscious emotional activation colors first impressions. Psychol Sci. 2013;25(2):349–357. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613503175
Öhman A Soares JJF. Unconscious anxiety”: Phobic responses to masked stimuli. J Abnorm Psychol. 1994;103(2):231–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.231
Olsson A Phelps EA. Learned fear of “unseen” faces after pavlovian, observational, and instructed fear. Psychol Sci. 2004;15(12):822–828. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00762.x
Silvert L Delplanque S Bouwalerh H Verpoort C Sequeira H. Autonomic responding to aversive words without conscious valence discrimination. Int J Psychophysiol. 2004;53(2):135–145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.03.005