DNA, Chloroplast; DNA, Plant; Climate; DNA, Chloroplast/analysis; Ecosystem; Europe; Genetic Variation/physiology; Prunus/physiology; Rosaceae/genetics; Rosaceae/physiology; Genetics, Population; Black cherry; Invasive tree species; Microsatellites; Phylogeography; Population genetics; Prunus serotina var. serotina; Plant Science
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Black cherry (Prunus serotina) is a North American tree that is rapidly invading European forests. This species was introduced first as an ornamental plant, then it was massively planted by foresters in many countries, but its origins and the process of invasion remain poorly documented. Based on a genetic survey of both native and invasive ranges, the invasion history of black cherry was investigated by identifying putative source populations and then assessing the importance of multiple introductions on the maintenance of gene diversity.
METHODS: Genetic variability and structure of 23 populations from the invasive range and 22 populations from the native range were analysed using eight nuclear microsatellite loci and five chloroplast DNA regions.
KEY RESULTS: Chloroplast DNA diversity suggests there were multiple introductions from a single geographic region (the north-eastern United States). A low reduction of genetic diversity was observed in the invasive range for both nuclear and plastid genomes. High propagule pressure including both the size and number of introductions shaped the genetic structure in Europe and boosted genetic diversity. Populations from Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium and Germany showed high genetic diversity and low differentiation among populations, supporting the hypothesis that numerous introduction events, including multiple individuals and exchanges between sites, have taken place during two centuries of plantation.
CONCLUSIONS: This study postulates that the invasive black cherry has originated from east of the Appalachian Mountains (mainly the Allegheny plateau) and its invasiveness in north-western Europe is mainly due to multiple introductions containing high numbers of individuals.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Pairon, Marie ; Earth and Life Institute, Research group 'genetics, reproduction, populations', Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Petitpierre, Blaise; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Campbell, Michael; Penn State Erie Behredn College, School of Science, Erie, PA 16563, United States
Guisan, Antoine; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Broennimann, Olivier; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Baret, Philippe V; Earth and Life Institute, Research Group 'Genetics, Reproduction, Populations', Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Jacquemart, Anne-Laure; Earth and Life Institute, Research Group 'Genetics, Reproduction, Populations', Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Besnard, Guillaume; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ; Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
Language :
English
Title :
Multiple introductions boosted genetic diversity in the invasive range of black cherry (Prunus serotina; Rosaceae).
This study was supported by the Fonds Spéciaux de Recherche (FSR) of the Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), the Belgian Scientific Policy (BelSPo–InPlanBel) and the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Plant Survival, research programme of the Swiss National Science Foundation. Collection of some samples was partly funded by grants to K. O. Reinhart from Highlands Biological Station and from the AW Mellon Foundation. We are grateful for the kind collaboration of many foresters and scientists who helped us to collect leaves of Prunus serotina. Samples from France were provided by P. Geldreich, J. M. Ansolabehere, R. Rodriguez and J. Jaminon (Office National des Forêts), and G. Decocq (University of Picardie Jules Verne); from Germany by T. Heinken (University of Potsdam), U. Starfinger (Technische University of Berlin) and J. Meyer (Forestrevier Altenwalde); from The Netherlands by W. van der Putten (NIOO-KNAW) and A. Ehrenburg (Amsterdam Water Supply); from Italy by F. Caronni and L. Hildebrand (Parco Lombardo della Valle del Ticino) and S. Del Fabbro; from Denmark by E. Kjaer (Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University), N. P. Revsbech (University of Aarhus) and O. Raspé (Jardin botanique national de Belgique); from Poland by B. Suszka (Polish Academy of Sciences) and A. Halarewicz (University of Agriculture of Wroclaw); from the USA by G. Meyer (University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee Field Station), A. K. Buthod (Robert Bebb Herbarium, The University of Oklahoma), D. A. Lewis (Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University), L. Iverson (Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service), R. B. Kaul and D. M. Sutherland (Bessey Herbarium University of Nebraska), T. S. Cochrane (University of Wisconsin–Madison Herbarium), K. O. Reinhart (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service), R. A. Klips (Ohio State University) and L. M. Bowe (Ozarks Regional Herbarium, Missouri State University). We thank L. Dhondt, C. Noël and D. Savova-Bianchi for technical help in the laboratory. We would like to thank O. Hardy, O. Raspé, U. Starfinger and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and revision of previous versions of the manuscript.
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