Do Board Characteristics Influence Leverage and Debt Maturity? Empirical Evidence from a Transitional Economy

This study examines the impact of board characteristics on capital structure decisions in the context of a transition economy, focusing on Algeria, where governance institutions are underdeveloped and the financial market remains immature. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) on a panel dataset of 120 firms over the period 2015 to 2019, we identify a U-shaped relationship between board size and leverage, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between board size and debt maturity. Furthermore, increased nationality diversity on boards is found to significantly reduce debt maturity. These findings highlight the critical role of board composition in shaping corporate financing strategies in transition economies and provide novel insights into corporate governance dynamics in a relatively underexplored institutional context. The results are particularly relevant for national entities such as COSOB and Hawkama El Djazaïr and may guide banking sector practices by promoting the integration of board governance criteria into credit evaluation processes.