[en] Climate change; [en] Typical year; [en] Time series; [en] Image analysis; [en] North Atlantic Oscillation; [en] Mediterranean Sea
Abstract :
[en] Dynamics of the subsurface (2-3 m) mesozooplankton (i.e., > 200 μm) in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica, France) were explored, combining time series (2004-2016) of 14 zooplankton groups, wind gusts, water temperature, nitrate and chlorophyll-a. Zooplankton data was obtained through image analysis. While contrasted group-specific sea- sonal patterns were observed, the most productive zooplankton annual event occurred in April (spring peak), concentrating on average 25% of the total annual abundance. A 'typical' year was defined based on the annual succession of different community states, highlighting particular years (2007, 2015 and 2012), mainly character- ized by weak spring peak. Environmental influences on the interannual variability of zooplankton were explored and while relationship between chlorophyll-a and zooplankton abundance was unclear, the availability of nu- trients (December-March), potentially mediated via the wind regime (October-January) seemed to be essential to the occurrence of the spring peak. Additionally, we observed an influence of temperature, with winter ther- mal thresholds (between 12.1 °C and 13.4 °C) conditioning the spring peak. Also, the occurrence of lower annual abundances after 2010 was synchronous with the sharp increase of seawater warming trend, especially regarding winter temperature (0.30 °C.year-1). Finally, winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was found to be correlated to both winter water temperature and spring peak abundance, which suggests large-scale processes to impact re- gional zooplankton community.
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