Arab countries; Food safety; Mycotoxin biomarkers; Mycotoxins; Regulations; Research initiatives; Aflatoxins; Animal Feed; Arab World; Food Contamination; Humans; Biotechnology; Microbiology; Toxicology
Abstract :
[en] Since the discovery of aflatoxins in the 1960s, knowledge in the mycotoxin research field has increased dramatically. Hundreds of review articles have been published summarizing many different aspects, including mycotoxin contamination per country or region. However, mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world, which includes 22 countries in Africa and Asia, has not yet been specifically reviewed. To this end, the contamination of mycotoxins in the Arab world was reviewed not only to profile the pervasiveness of the problem in this region but also to identify the main knowledge gaps imperiling the safety of food and feed in the future. To the best of our knowledge, 306 (non-)indexed publications in English, Arabic, or French were published from 1977 to 2021, focusing on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in matrices of 14 different categories. Characteristic factors (e.g., detected mycotoxins, concentrations, and detection methods) were extracted, processed, and visualized. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) research on mycotoxin contamination has increased over the years. However, the accumulated data on their occurrences are scarce to non-existent in some countries; (ii) the state-of-the-art technologies on mycotoxin detection are not broadly implemented neither are contemporary multi-mycotoxin detection strategies, thus showing a need for capacity-building initiatives; and (iii) mycotoxin profiles differ among food and feed categories, as well as between human biofluids. Furthermore, the present work highlights contemporary legislation in the Arab countries and provides future perspectives to mitigate mycotoxins, enhance food and feed safety, and protect the consumer public. Concluding, research initiatives to boost mycotoxin research among Arab countries are strongly recommended.
Precision for document type :
Review article
Disciplines :
Food science
Author, co-author :
Abdallah, Mohamed Fathi ; Assiut University > Faculty of Veterinary Medicine > Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ; UGent - Ghent University [BE] > Faculty of Bioscience Engineering > Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health
Gado, Muhammad; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Abdelsadek, Doha; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Zahran, Fatma; Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
El-Salhey, Nada Nabil; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Mehrez, Ohaila; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Abdel-Hay, Sara; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Mohamed, Sahar M.; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
De Ruyck, Karl; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
Yang, Shupeng; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Varga, Elisabeth; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Language :
English
Title :
Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world: Highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislation
Publication date :
February 2024
Journal title :
Mycotoxin Research
ISSN :
0178-7888
eISSN :
1867-1632
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
The authors sincerely thank Egypt Scholars Organization (https://egyptscholars.org), an independent non-profit organization founded on the principle of volunteerism, for their tremendous support during the project. The authors extend their gratitude to Mrs. Engy Fouda for her assistance in data analysis. The authors also appreciate the discussion and data (national regulations) provided by active researchers in mycotoxin field from Arab countries.
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