Combined contamination; Grains and grain products; Heavy metals; Interactivity analysis; Mycotoxins; Deoxynivalenol; Fumonisin; Fumonisin B1; Grain and grain product; Grain product; Interactivity; Interactivity analyse; Maize flour; Rice flour; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Chemistry; Waste Management and Disposal; Pollution; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract :
[en] Mycotoxins and heavy metals extensively contaminate grains and grain products, posing severe health risks. This work implements validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods to quantify the concentration of 12 mycotoxins and five heavy metals in rice, maize, soybeans, and wheat flour samples marketed in Shanghai. The mixed contamination characteristics were analyzed using correlation cluster analysis and co-contamination index, and the probabilities of all cross combinations of contaminations were analyzed using a self-designed JAVA language program. The results showed that grains and grain products were frequently contaminated with both mycotoxins and heavy metals, mostly with deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), fumonisin B3 (FB3), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). All the samples (100 %) were contaminated with two or more contaminants, and 77.3 % of the samples were co-contaminated with more than four contaminants. In cereals and cereal products, the following combinations were closely associated: (FB3 +3-ADON), (FB1 +As), (FB1 +FB2), (DON+FB1), (DON+Cd), (As+Cd), (DON+Cd+As), (FB1 +FB2 +As), and (DON+3-ADON+15-ADON). The results indicated that mycotoxins and heavy metals frequently co-occurred in Shanghai grains and grain products, and they provided primary data for safety assessments, early warnings, and regulatory measures on these contaminants to protect public health.
Disciplines :
Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology Food science
Author, co-author :
Zhu, Zuoyin; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
Guo, Wenbo; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China
Cheng, Haisheng; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
Zhao, Hanke; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China
Wang, Jie; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
Abdallah, Mohamed Fathi ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie > Service de Biologie humaine et Toxicologie ; UGent - Universiteit Gent [BE] > Faculty of Bioscience Engineering > Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health
Zhou, Xinli; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
Lei, Hulong; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, PR China
Tu, Weilong; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, PR China
Wang, Hongyang; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, PR China
Yang, Junhua; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China. Electronic address: yangjunhua303@126.com
Language :
English
Title :
Co-contamination and interactions of multiple mycotoxins and heavy metals in rice, maize, soybeans, and wheat flour marketed in Shanghai City.
Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology
Funders :
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
Funding number :
21DZ1201300
Funding text :
This work was supported by the Social Development Science and Technology Research Projects from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 21DZ1201300) and STI 2030-Major Projects (Grant No. 2023ZD04046).
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