Egypt; LC-MS/MS; animal feed; maize; mycotoxins; Mycotoxins; Animal Feed/analysis; Animal Feed/microbiology; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods; Food Contamination/analysis; Fungi/metabolism; Mycotoxins/chemistry; Mycotoxins/metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods; Zea mays/chemistry; Zea mays/microbiology; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Contamination; Fungi; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Zea mays; Biotechnology; Food Science; Agronomy and Crop Science; Nutrition and Dietetics
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of multiple toxic fungal and bacterial metabolites in 156 animal feed (n = 77) and maize (n = 79) samples collected from three regions in Upper Egypt. The target analytes were quantified using the 'dilute and shoot' approach, followed by a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
RESULTS: In total, 115 fungal and bacterial metabolites were detected in both matrices, including the regulated mycotoxins in the European Union, in addition to the modified forms such as deoxynivalenol-3-glucosid. Furthermore, some Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillum metabolites beside other fungal and bacterial metabolites were detected for the first time in Egypt. All of the samples were contaminated with at least four toxins. On average, 26 different metabolites were detected per sample with a trend of more metabolites in feed than in maize. The maximum number of analytes observed per samples was 54 analytes at maximum concentrations ranging from 0.04 µg kg-1 for tentoxin to 25 040 µg kg-1 for kojic acid.
CONCLUSION: According to the international standards, the contamination rates in the investigated regions were not alarming, except for AFB1 in maize. The necessity of further and continuous monitoring is highly recommended to establish a database for mycotoxin occurrence.
Disciplines :
Food science Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Abdallah, Mohamed Fathi ; Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey ; Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU), Tulln, Austria ; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Girgin, Gözde; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey > Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology
Baydar, Terken; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey > Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology
Krska, Rudolf; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU), Tulln, Austria > Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln)
Sulyok, Michael; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU), Tulln, Austria > Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln)
Language :
English
Title :
Occurrence of multiple mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites in animal feed and maize samples from Egypt using LC-MS/MS.
Publication date :
October 2017
Journal title :
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
ISSN :
0022-5142
eISSN :
1097-0010
Publisher :
John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex, England
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