Girard S. Kuhnhenn J. Gusarov A. Morana A. Paillet P. Robin T. Weninger L. Fricano F. Roche M. Campanella C. et al. Overview of radiation effects on silica-based optical fibers and fiber sensors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 2025 72 982 1020 10.1109/TNS.2024.3511455
Girard S. Kuhnhenn J. Gusarov A. Brichard B. Uffelen M.V. Ouerdane Y. Boukenter A. Marcandella C. Radiation effects on silica-based optical fibers: Recent advances and future challenges IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 2013 60 2015 2036 10.1109/TNS.2012.2235464
Gusarov A. Hoeffgen S.K. Radiation effects on fiber gratings IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 2013 60 2037 2053 10.1109/TNS.2013.2252366
Kozhevnikov N.M. Barmenkov Y. Belyakov V.A. Medvedev A. Razdobarin G. Fiber-optic sensor for plasma current diagnostic in tokamaks Fiber Optic and Lasers Sensors IX SPIE Bellingham, WA, USA 1991 138 144
Xue M.M. Chen D.L. Shen B. Wang Y. Shi T.H. Wang H.H. Sun Y.W. Qian J.P. Xiao H. Xiao B.J. Upgrade of poloidal field coils current measurement system on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak Fusion Eng. Des. 2019 148 111264 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111264
Xue M.M. Shen B. Chen D.L. Wang Y. Shi T.H. Wang H.H. Sun Y.W. Qian J.P. Xiao H. Xiao B.J. Fiber-optic current sensor for plasma current on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak Fusion Eng. Des. 2019 140 11 15 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.070
Li J. Guo D. Song X. Chang X. Liu D. Tao R. Wang Z. Chen L. Liu S. Shi Y. Direct measurement of toroidal eddy current on the EXL-50U tokamak with a hardware-compensated fiber optic current sensor Plasma Sci. Technol. 2026 28 014001 10.1088/2058-6272/ae23a3
Vayakis G. Arshad S. Delhom D. Encheva A. Giacomin T. Jones L. Patel K.M. Pérez-Lasala M. Portales M. Prieto D. et al. Development of the ITER magnetic diagnostic set and specification Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2012 83 10D712 10.1063/1.4732077
Rogers A. Optical-fibre current measurements Int. J. Optoelectron. 1988 3 391 407
Darwin C.G. Watson W.H. The constants of the magnetic dispersion of light Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A 1927 114 474 490 10.1098/rspa.1927.0053
Gusarov A. Doyle D.B. Radiation induced wavefront aberrations: A new approach Appl. Opt. 1998 37 643 648 10.1364/AO.37.000643
Kim Y. Ju S. Jeong S. Jang M.-J. Kim J.-Y. Lee N.-H. Jung H.-K. Han W.-T. Influence of gamma-ray irradiation on Faraday effect of Cu-doped germano-silicate optical fiber Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 2015 344 39 43 10.1016/j.nimb.2014.11.091
Wen J. Che Q. Dong Y. Guo Q. Pang F. Chen Z. Wang T. Irradiation effect on the magneto-optical properties of Bi-doped silica optical fiber based on valence state change Opt. Mater. Express 2020 10 88 98 10.1364/OME.10.000088
Cruz J.L. Andres M.V. Hernandez M.A. Faraday effect in standard optical fibers: Dispersion of the effective Verdet constant Appl. Opt. 1996 35 922 927 10.1364/AO.35.000922
Gusarov A. Leysen W. Kim S.M. Dandu P. Wuilpart M. Danisi A. Soto J.L.B. Vayakis G. Recent achievements in R&D on fibre optics current sensor for ITER Fusion Eng. Des. 2023 192 113626 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113626
Moreau P. Brichard B. Fil A. Malard P. Pastor P. Le-Luyer A. Samaille F. Massaut V. Test of fiber optic based current sensors on the Tore Supra tokamak Fusion Eng. Des. 2011 86 1222 1226 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.12.023
Aymar R. Bareyt B. Bon Mardion G. TORE SUPRA. Basic Design Tokamak System Association Euratom-CEA sur la Fusion Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France 1980 400
Gusarov A. Beaumont P. JET Contributors Assessment of neutron radiation effects on the Fiber Optics Current Sensor performance during JET DTE2 experimental campaign Sensors 2025 25 6552 10.3390/s25216552 41228775
Fernandez A.F. Ooms H. Brichard B. Coeck M. Coenen S. Berghmans F. Decréton M. SCK-CEN gamma irradiation facilities for radiation tolerance assessment Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop Phoenix, AZ, USA 15–19 July 2002 171 176
Williams P.A. Rose A.H. Day G.W. Milner T.E. Deeter M.N. Temperature dependence of the Verdet constant in several diamagnetic glasses Appl. Opt. 1991 30 1176 1178 10.1364/AO.30.001176 20582125
Griscom D.L. Self-trapped holes in pure-silica glass: A history of their discovery and characterization and an example of their critical significance to industry J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2006 352 2601 2617 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.03.033
De Michele V. Marcandella C. Vidalot J. Paillet P. Morana A. Cannas M. Boukenter A. Marin E. Ouerdane Y. Girard S. Origins of radiation-induced attenuation in pure-silica-core and Ge-doped optical fibers under pulsed x-ray irradiation J. Appl. Phys. 2020 128 103101 10.1063/5.0014165
Rose A.H. Etzel S.M. Wang C.M. Verdet constant dispersion in annealed optical fiber current sensors J. Light. Technol. 1997 15 803 807 10.1109/50.580818
Gusarov A. Chojetzki C. Mckenzie I. Berghmans F. Influence of the coating type on the radiation sensitivity of FBGs Optical Sensors SPIE Bellingham, WA, USA 2008 Volume 7003 81 87
Gusarov A. Chojetzki C. Mckenzie I. Thienpont H. Berghmans F. Effect of the fiber coating on the radiation sensitivity of Type I FBGs IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 2008 20 1802 1804 10.1109/LPT.2008.2004699
Segura M. Vukovic N. White N. May-Smith T.C. Loh W.H. Poletti F. Zervas M.N. Low birefringence measurement and temperature dependence in meter-long optical fibers J. Light. Technol. 2015 33 2697 2702 10.1109/JLT.2014.2387291
Azevedo A.M.d. da Silveira P.H.P.M. Lopes T.J. da Costa O.L.B. Monteiro S.N. Veiga-Júnior V.F. Silveira P.C.R. Cardoso D.D.O. Figueiredo A.B.-H.d.S. Ionizing Radiation and Its Effects on Thermoplastic Polymers: An Overview Polymers 2025 17 1110 10.3390/polym17081110 40284375
Griscom D.L. Gingerich M.E. Friebele E.J. Model for the dose, dose-rate and temperature dependence of radiation-induced loss in optical fibers IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 1994 41 523 527 10.1109/23.299793
Skuja L. Optical properties of defects in silica Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics: Science and Technology Pacchioni G. Skuja L. Griscom D.L. NATO Science Series II Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands 2000 Volume 2 73 116
Girard S. Alessi A. Richard N. Martin-Samos L. De Michele V. Giacomazzi L. Agnello S. Francesca D.D. Morana A. Winkler B. et al. Overview of radiation induced point defects in silica-based optical fibers Rev. Phys. 2019 4 100032 10.1016/j.revip.2019.100032
