Simulation-oriented Training: An Analysis and Modeling of the Activity of Trainers During Post-simulation Debriefing

Simulation-based training systems have become indispensable. However, the way in which the trainer supports the learners' activity during the debriefing is still very little studied. When it is the case, the elements reported are prescriptive, not very generalisable, not very operationalisable in terms of manifestations and difficult to link to a general theoretical model from the point of view of the trainer's guidance (contrary to the moment of the simulated exercise). Based on nine French and English databases (Google Scholar, ERIC, ERUDIT, CAIRN, Pascal & Francis, OpenEdition, Springer, SCOPUS and Sudoc) from which 33 works were selected, our article proposes a model listing a set of dimensions specific to the trainer's activity while preserving the singularity of training situations. Based on Leplat and Cuny's (1974) five-square model, the model articulates three levels of processes through 10 categories of factors. In the idea of a double regulation, it also highlights the links between the determinants linked to the trainer and his feedback. The model is applicable to the fields of medicine, risk management and education.