[en] We numerically study the diffraction properties of a parity-time (PT) symmetric transmission grating, which
operates through a limited number of guiding modes. The interferometric operation is altered by the introduction
of balanced gain and loss leading, for example, to efficient switching around the spontaneous symmetry breaking
point. Furthermore, we examine the influence of the longitudinal reflections, which are not common in previous
PT structures. In addition, we separately tailor the periodicities of gain and loss, so that the device remains PT
symmetric. However, this gives a new way to control the mode merging phenomenon, as we obtain interactions
between previously distinct modes.
Research center :
CRPM - Physique des matériaux
Disciplines :
Physics
Author, co-author :
Rivolta, Nicolas ; Université de Mons > Faculté des Sciences > Matériaux Micro et Nanophotoniques
Maes, Bjorn ; Université de Mons > Faculté des Sciences > Matériaux Micro et Nanophotoniques
Language :
English
Title :
Diffractive switching by interference in a tailored PT-symmetric grating
Publication date :
08 May 2015
Journal title :
Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical Physics
ISSN :
0740-3224
Publisher :
Optical Society of America, United States - District of Columbia
Volume :
32
Issue :
7
Pages :
1330-1337
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Research unit :
S803 - Matériaux Micro- et Nanophotoniques
Research institute :
R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
A. Guo, G. J. Salamo, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, M. Volatier-Ravat, V. Aimez, G. A. Siviloglou, and D. N. Christodoulides, "Observation of PT-symmetry breaking in complex optical potentials, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 093902 (2009).
L. Razzari and R. Morandotti, "Optics: gain and loss mixed in the same cauldron, " Nature 488, 163-164 (2012).
A. Lupu, H. Benisty, and A. Degiron, "Switching using PT symmetry in plasmonic systems: positive role of the losses, " Opt. Express 21, 21651-21668 (2013).
H. Ramezani, T. Kottos, R. El-Ganainy, and D. N. Christodoulides, "Unidirectional nonlinear PT-symmetric optical structures, " Phys. Rev. A 82, 043803 (2010).
C. M. Bender and S. Boettcher, "Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5243- 5246 (1998).
C. M. Bender, "Making sense of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, " Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 947-1018 (2007).
T. Kottos, "Optical physics: broken symmetry makes light work, " Nat. Phys. 6, 166-167 (2010).
R. El-Ganainy, K. G. Makris, D. N. Christodoulides, and Z. H. Musslimani, "Theory of coupled optical PT-symmetric structures, " Opt. Lett. 32, 2632-2634 (2007).
C. E. Ruter, K. G. Makris, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Segev, and D. Kip, "Observation of parity-time symmetry in optics, " Nat. Phys. 6, 192-195 (2010).
S. Klaiman, U. Günther, and N. Moiseyev, "Visualization of branch points in PT-symmetric waveguides, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 080402 (2008).
J. Čtyroký, V. Kuzmiak, and S. Eyderman, "Waveguide structures with antisymmetric gain/loss profile, " Opt. Express 18, 21585-21593 (2010).
S. V. Suchkov, S. V. Dmitriev, B. A. Malomed, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Wave scattering on a domain wall in a chain of PT-symmetric couplers, " Phys. Rev. A 85, 033825 (2012).
L. Feng, Z. J. Wong, R.-M. Ma, Y. Wang, and X. Zhang, "Single-mode laser by parity-time symmetry breaking, " Science 346, 972-975 (2014).
B. Peng, S. K. Özdemir, F. Lei, F. Monifi, M. Gianfreda, G. L. Long, S. Fan, F. Nori, C. M. Bender, and L. Yang, "Parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities, " Nat. Phys. 10, 394-398 (2014).
B. Peng, S. K. Özdemir, S. Rotter, H. Yilmaz, M. Liertzer, F. Monifi, C. M. Bender, F. Nori, and L. Yang, "Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing, " Science 346, 328-332 (2014).
M. Brandstetter, M. Liertzer, C. Deutsch, P. Klang, J. Schöberl, H. E. Türeci, G. Strasser, K. Unterrainer, and S. Rotter, "Reversing the pump dependence of a laser at an exceptional point, " Nat. Commun. 5, 4034 (2014).
H. Benisty, A. Degiron, A. Lupu, A. D. Lustrac, S. Chénais, S. Forget, M. Besbes, G. Barbillon, A. Bruyant, S. Blaize, and G. Lérondel, "Implementation of PT symmetric devices using plasmonics: principle and applications, " Opt. Express 19, 18004-18019 (2011).
M. Kulishov, J. Laniel, N. Bélanger, J. Azaña, and D. Plant, "Nonreciprocal waveguide Bragg gratings, " Opt. Express 13, 3068-3078 (2005).
M. Kulishov, J. Laniel, N. Bélanger, and D. Plant, "Trapping light in a ring resonator using a grating-assisted coupler with asymmetric transmission, " Opt. Express 13, 3567-3578 (2005).
Z. Lin, H. Ramezani, T. Eichelkraut, T. Kottos, H. Cao, and D. N. Christodoulides, "Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT-symmetric periodic structures, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 213901 (2011).
A. Mostafazadeh, "Spectral singularities of complex scattering potentials and infinite reflection and transmission coefficients at real energies, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 220402 (2009).
M. Kulishov and B. Kress, "Distributed Bragg reflector structures based on PT-symmetric coupling with lowest possible lasing threshold, " Opt. Express 21, 22327-22337 (2013).
M. Kulishov and B. Kress, "Free space diffraction on active gratings with balanced phase and gain/loss modulations, " Opt. Express 20, 29319-29328 (2012).
M. Kulishov, B. Kress, and R. Slavìk, "Resonant cavities based on parity-time-symmetric diffractive gratings, " Opt. Express 21, 9473-9483 (2013).
H. Ramezani, D. N. Christodoulides, V. Kovanis, I. Vitebskiy, and T. Kottos, "PT-symmetric talbot effects, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 033902 (2012).
A. Regensburger, C. Bersch, M.-A. Miri, G. Onishchukov, D. N. Christodoulides, and U. Peschel, "Parity-time synthetic photonic lattices, " Nature 488, 167-171 (2012).
K. G. Makris, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and Z. H. Musslimani, "PT-symmetric optical lattices, " Phys. Rev. A 81, 063807 (2010).
M. C. Zheng, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Fleischmann, and T. Kottos, "PT optical lattices and universality in beam dynamics, " Phys. Rev. A 82, 010103 (2010).
K. G. Makris, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and Z. H. Musslimani, "Beam dynamics in PT symmetric optical lattices, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 103904 (2008).
R. Uzdin and N. Moiseyev, "Scattering from a waveguide by cycling a non-Hermitian degeneracy, " Phys. Rev. A 85, 031804 (2012).
Y. D. Chong, L. Ge, and A. D. Stone, "PT-symmetry breaking and laser-absorber modes in optical scattering systems, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 093902 (2011).
S. Savoia, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, A. Alù, and N. Engheta, "Tunneling of obliquely incident waves through PT-symmetric epsilon-near-zero bilayers, " Phys. Rev. B 89, 085105 (2014).
G. Castaldi, S. Savoia, V. Galdi, A. Alù, and N. Engheta, "PT metamaterials via complex-coordinate transformation optics, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 173901 (2013).
C. He, M.-H. Lu, X. Heng, L. Feng, and Y.-F. Chen, "Parity-time electromagnetic diodes in a two-dimensional nonreciprocal photonic crystal, " Phys. Rev. B 83, 075117 (2011).
A. E. Miroshnichenko, B. A. Malomed, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Nonlinearly PT-symmetric systems: spontaneous symmetry breaking and transmission resonances, " Phys. Rev. A 84, 012123 (2011).
S. Longhi, "PT-symmetric laser absorber, " Phys. Rev. A 82, 031801 (2010).
M. Liertzer, L. Ge, A. Cerjan, A. D. Stone, H. E. Türeci, and S. Rotter, "Pump-induced exceptional points in lasers, " Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 173901 (2012).
S. Phang, A. Vukovic, H. Susanto, T. M. Benson, and P. Sewell, "Ultrafast optical switching using parity time symmetric Bragg gratings, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 2984-2991 (2013).
T. Clausnitzer, T. Kämpfe, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, U. Peschel, A. V. Tishchenko, and O. Parriaux, "An intelligible explanation of highlyefficient diffraction in deep dielectric rectangular transmission gratings, " Opt. Express 13, 10448-10456 (2005).
http://camfr.sourceforge.net/.
http://www.comsol.com/.
C. Huang, F. Ye, and X. Chen, "Mode pairs in PT-symmetric multimode waveguides, " Phys. Rev. A 90, 043833 (2014).
S.-P. Gorza, D. Taillaert, R. Baets, B. Maes, P. Emplit, and M. Haelterman, "Experimental characterization of optical-gap solitons in a one-dimensional photonic crystal made of a corrugated semiconductor planar waveguide, " Phys. Rev. B 74, 235327 (2006).
E. K. Keshmarzi, R. N. Tait, and P. Berini, "Near infrared amplified spontaneous emission in a dye-doped polymeric waveguide for active plasmonic applications, " Opt. Express 22, 12452-12460 (2014).
A. Kenyon, "Recent developments in rare-earth doped materials for optoelectronics, " Prog. Quantum Electron. 26, 225-284 (2002).
M. Körbl, A. Gröning, H. Schweizer, and J. L. Gentner, "Gain spectra of coupled InGaAsP/InP quantum wells measured with a segmented contact traveling wave device, " J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2942-2944 (2002).
X. Jiang, Q. Li, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Symmetry between absorption and amplification in disordered media, " Phys. Rev. B 59, R9007- R9010 (1999).
