Biodiversity loss; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); Overpopulation; Solutions; Targets; United Nations; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract :
[en] Human population (often treated as overpopulation) has long been blamed as the main cause of biodiversity loss. Whilst this simplistic explanation may seem convenient, understanding the accuracy of the statement is crucial to develop effective priorities and targets to manage and reverse ongoing biodiversity loss. If untrue, the assertion may undermine practical and effective measures currently underway to counter biodiversity loss by distracting from true drivers, alienating some of the most diverse countries in the world, and failing to tackle the structural inequalities which may be behind global biodiversity declines. Through examining the drivers of biodiversity loss in highly biodiverse countries, we show that it is not population driving the loss of habitats, but rather the growth of commodities for export, particularly soybean and oil-palm, primarily for livestock feed or biofuel consumption in higher income economies. Thus, inequitable consumption drives global biodiversity loss, whilst population is used to scapegoat responsibility. Instead, the responsibilities are clear and have recently been summarized by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IPBES: Leverage points for biodiversity conservation lie in reducing unsustainable consumption through diet shifts, tracking supply chains, and technological innovation as well as ensuring sustainable production to reduce biodiversity losses associated with industrial agriculture.
Disciplines :
Human geography & demography Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Hughes, Alice C.; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; China Biodiversity Conservation Green Development Foundation, Beijing, China
Tougeron, Kévin ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service Écologie des Interactions et Changements globaux
Martin, Dominic A.; Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Menga, Filippo; University of Bergamo Department of Foreign Languages Literatures and Cultures, Bergamo, Italy
Rosado, Bruno H.P.; Department of Ecology, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Villasante, Sebastian; EqualSea Lab, CRETUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
Madgulkar, Shweta; Zoo Outreach Organisation, Coimbatore, India
Gonçalves, Fernando; Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Geneletti, Davide; Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
Diele-Viegas, Luisa Maria; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
Berger, Sebastian; University of Bern, Department of Sociology, Bern, Switzerland
Colla, Sheila R.; Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change, York University, Toronto, Canada
de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor; Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Belém, Brazil ; Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
Caggiano, Holly; Andlinger Center for Energy & the Environment, Princeton University, United States
Melo, Felipe; Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
de Oliveira Dias, Marcelo Guilherme; Graduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wild Fauna at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Kellner, Elke; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States ; United States & Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
do Couto, Edivando Vitor; Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil ; Chair of Land Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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