[en] Wild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
Disciplines :
Agriculture & agronomy Entomology & pest control Zoology
Author, co-author :
Fauviau, Arthur; Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, iEES-Paris, Paris, France. arthur.fauviau@sorbonne-universite.fr
Baude, Mathilde; Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France ; Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
Bazin, Nicolas; RNN des Gorges de l'Ardèche, Saint-Remèze, France
Fisogni, Alessandro; UMR 8198, Evo-Eco-Paleo, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Fortel, Laura; INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
Garrigue, Joseph; RNN Massane, Argelès-sur-Mer, France
Geslin, Benoît; Aix Marseille Université, Université d'Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Campus Étoile, Faculté des Sciences St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
Goulnik, Jérémie; LAE, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Nancy, France ; Association Noé, Paris, France
Guilbaud, Laurent; INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
Hautekèete, Nina; UMR 8198, Evo-Eco-Paleo, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Heiniger, Charlène; HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
Kuhlmann, Michael; Zoological Museum, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Lambert, Olivier; Centre Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage et des Ecosystèmes/Oniris, Nantes, France
Langlois, Dominique; Conservatoire d'espaces Naturels de Franche-Comté, Cléron, France
Le Féon, Violette
Lopez Vaamonde, Carlos; UR633, Zoologie Forestière, INRAE, Orléans, France ; IRBI, UMR7261 CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
Maillet, Grégory; RNN Tourbière du Grand Lemps, Châbons, France
Massol, François; U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
Michel, Nadia; LAE, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Nancy, France
Michelot-Antalik, Alice; LAE, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Nancy, France
Michez, Denis ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté des Sciences > Service de Zoologie
Mouret, Hugues; ARTHROPOLOGIA, La-Tour-De-Salvagny, France
Piquot, Yves; UMR 8198, Evo-Eco-Paleo, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
Potts, Simon G; University of Reading, Berkshire, Great Britain
Roberts, Stuart
Ropars, Lise; ThéMA, UMR 6049 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France ; Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
Schurr, Lucie; Aix Marseille Université, Université d'Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Campus Étoile, Faculté des Sciences St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
Van Reeth, Colin; Research Center for Alpine Ecosystems, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, France
Villalta, Irène; IRBI, UMR7261 CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
Zaninotto, Vincent; Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, iEES-Paris, Paris, France
Dajoz, Isabelle; Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, iEES-Paris, Paris, France ; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Henry, Mickaël; INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
We would like to thank the Institut de la Transition Environnementale—Sorbonne Université (SU-ITE), and the GDR CNRS Pollinéco for funding the project. We also thank all the people who participated in collecting data on the field.
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