drivers of biodiversity change; GBIF; Hymenoptera; latitudinal gradient; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ecology
Abstract :
[en] Aim: Wild bees still face striking shortfalls in knowledge of biodiversity in key regions of the world. This includes Europe, where despite a long tradition of data gathering, the continental scale distribution patterns of wild bees have not been systematically analysed to date. This study aims to characterise large-scale biodiversity patterns to: (i) understand spatial–temporal heterogeneity in large-scale databases, (ii) locate genuine diversity hotspots and their relationship with biogeographical patterns or habitats of interests and (iii) identify understudied species and areas to further design conservation actions for most at risk species in key regions. Location: Europe. Taxon: Bees. Methods: We present a continental and standardised study of bee taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity patterns in Europe, using a large compilation of occurrence records of nearly three million validated occurrence records for 1515 wild bee species. Results: Southern and eastern Europe suffer from the largest gaps in data availability while northern and western regions benefit from better historical coverage. Our models show that higher wild bee diversity in Europe is hosted in xeric, warm areas, as highlighted by a clear latitudinal gradient. However, phylogenetic diversity is predicted to be more homogenous across Europe than taxonomic diversity, suggesting that policies and strategies targeted to protect species richness may differ from those targeting greater phylogenetic diversity. Main conclusions: This study represents a significant advance in the characterisation of wild bee distribution patterns across Europe and is an important stepping stone towards the design of more targeted survey efforts and conservation actions of this key group of pollinators. This, in turn, will provide the data necessary to improve the spatiotemporal coverage in a context of ongoing and future Europe-wide monitoring schemes, to ultimately develop cost-effective, coordinated and evidence-based conservation actions and tailored habitat management actions that can be implemented on a smaller scale.
Disciplines :
Entomology & pest control Zoology
Author, co-author :
Leclercq, Nicolas ; Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
Caruso, Geoffrey; Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Luxembourg and Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Maison des Sciences Humaines, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Schiel, Kerry; Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Luxembourg and Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Maison des Sciences Humaines, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; Center of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS FWO - Flemish Research Foundation
Funding text :
The FNRS/FWO joint programme ‘EOS—Excellence of Science’ for the project ‘CliPS: Climate change and its effects on Pollination Services (project 30947854)’ and the ‘Fonds Van Buuren & Fondation Jaumotte Demoulin’ funded this study. We thank all people who collected and maintained the databases used in this study and that were obtained from: (i) the European Commission Framework Programme (FP) 7 via the Status and Trends of European Pollinators (STEP) collaborative project (grant no. 244090, www.STEP‐project.net ); (ii) the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARS, www.bwars.com ); (iii) the Banque de Données Fauniques Gembloux‐Mons (BDFGM, www.atlashymenoptera.net ); (iv) the National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC, www.biodiversityireland.ie ); and (v) the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org ). No permits were needed for this study.The FNRS/FWO joint programme ‘EOS—Excellence of Science’ for the project ‘CliPS: Climate change and its effects on Pollination Services (project 30947854)’ and the ‘Fonds Van Buuren & Fondation Jaumotte Demoulin’ funded this study. We thank all people who collected and maintained the databases used in this study and that were obtained from: (i) the European Commission Framework Programme (FP) 7 via the Status and Trends of European Pollinators (STEP) collaborative project (grant no. 244090, www.STEP-project.net); (ii) the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARS, www.bwars.com); (iii) the Banque de Données Fauniques Gembloux-Mons (BDFGM, www.atlashymenoptera.net); (iv) the National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC, www.biodiversityireland.ie); and (v) the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, www.gbif.org). No permits were needed for this study.
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