Copper; Leaching; PCBs; Precious metals; Recovery; WEEE; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis; Pollution; Waste Management and Disposal; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Engineering
Abstract :
[en] When dealing with electronic waste, printed circuit boards (PCBs) are some of the most important materials in terms of recovery possibilities, because of their high content of precious metals and base metals, notably copper (> 20% w/w), in addition to organic resins and ceramic materials. Efficient hydrometallurgical metals recovery from electronic waste is an important on-going research topic, and the present study consisted in the development of a process for the concentration of precious metals by leaching and recovery of major base metals mainly copper. A fraction of crushed PCBs concentrated in metals with more than 50 % copper was used for the leaching tests for two types of components: processor cards and mobile phone cards. For the leaching process, two steps were carried out. A first step consisted in leaching the concentrate three times with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, a second step consisted in lead removal by nitric acid leaching. The obtained results exhibit that, for processor cards, the first stage of leaching allowed the extraction of about 98 % of copper. Other base metals, zinc (99.8 %) and nickel (96 %) were also significantly leached. Precious metals were less leached except Ag with 88 % of release. The second stage of leaching with nitric acid allowed significant removal of lead (66 %). For mobile phone cards, the first stage of leaching led to an almost complete extraction of Cu (>98 %) and some other base metals (Fe, Ni, Sn, and Zn > 90 %). Al, Co and Mn were also extracted at 76 %, 78 % and 81 % respectively. Precious metals remained in the residue, except Pd which was leached at 16 %. The second stage of leaching with dilute nitric acid solution was not necessary for mobile phone cards, as it was responsible of an important Ag release from residue (80 %).
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering
Author, co-author :
Konate, Francis ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté Polytechnique > Service de Métallurgie ; Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso
Vitry, Véronique ; Université de Mons - UMONS > Faculté Polytechnique > Service de Métallurgie
Yonli, Arsène H.; Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso ; Centre de Recherche YSER Labs, Burkina Faso
Language :
English
Title :
Leaching of base metals in PCBs and copper cementation by iron powder
R400 - Institut de Recherche en Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux
Funders :
ARES
Funding text :
This work was supported by \"Acad\u00E9mie de Recherche et d'Enseignement sup\u00E9rieur\" (ARES) across the DEEE 2017 Project.This work was financially supported by ARES-CCD through the WEEE 2017 project.
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Bauer, J., Moats, M., Nodule Formation on Copper Electrodeposits in the Rotating Cylinder Hull Cell. Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process Metall. Mater. Process. Sci. 53 (2022), 561–570, 10.1007/s11663-021-02392-3.
Birloaga, I., Coman, V., Kopacek, B., Vegliò, F., An advanced study on the hydrometallurgical processing of waste computer printed circuit boards to extract their valuable content of metals. Waste Manag 34 (2014), 2581–2586, 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.028.
Blazy, P., Jdid, E.-A., Élaboration et recyclage des métaux : hydrométallurgie du cuivre. Tech. l'Ingénieur 33, m2242, 2002, V1 M2242.
Bokare, A.D., Choi, W., 2014. Review of iron-free Fenton-like systems for activating H2O2 in advanced oxidation processes, J. Hazard. Mater. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.054.
Britto-Costa, P.H., Ruotolo, L.A.M., Optimization of copper electrowinning from synthetic copper sulfate solution using a pulsed bed electrode. Hydrometallurgy 150 (2014), 52–60, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.09.014.
Camelino, S., Rao, J., López, R., Lucci, R., Initial studies about gold leaching from printed circuit boards (PCB ’ s) of waste cell phones. Procedia Mater. Sci. 9 (2015), 105–112, 10.1016/j.mspro.2015.04.013.
Dai, X., Breuer, P.L., Leaching and electrochemistry of gold, silver and gold – silver alloys in cyanide solutions : effect of oxidant and lead (II) ions. Hydrometallurgy 133 (2013), 139–148, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.01.002.
Demčáková, S., Heželová, M., Pikna, Ľ., Klimko, J., Selective tin recovery from tinning sludge by cementation process and chronoamperometry. J. Chem. Technol. Metall. 56 (2021), 603–608.
Deveci, H., Yazıcı, E.Y., Bas, A.D., 2016. Cementation of silver from synthetic leach solutions of waste of printed circuit boards (WPCB). IMPC 2016 - 28e Int. Miner. Process. Congr. Proc.
Ethurajan, M., van Hullebusch, E.D., Fontana, D., Akcil, A., Deveci, H., Batinic, B., Leal, J.P., Gasche, T.A., Ali Kucuker, M., Kuchta, K., Neto, I.F.F., Soares, H.M.V.M., Chmielarz, A., Recent advances on hydrometallurgical recovery of critical and precious elements from end of life electronic wastes - a review. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2019), 212–275, 10.1080/10643389.2018.1540760.
Hu, Y., Yu, B., Qi, X., Shi, B., Fang, S., Yu, Z., Yang, J., The preparation of graphite/silicon@carbon composites for lithium-ion batteries through molten salts electrolysis. J. Mater. Sci. 55 (2020), 10155–10167, 10.1007/s10853-020-04756-7.
Intrakamhaeng, V., Clavier, K.A., Townsend, T.G., Intrakamhaeng, V., Clavier, K.A., Townsend, T.G., Initiatives to reduce lead from electronic devices : evidence of success from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 69 (2019), 1116–1121, 10.1080/10962247.2019.1640807.
Işıldar, A., Rene, E.R., van Hullebusch, E.D., Lens, P.N.L., Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: management and recovery technologies. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 135 (2018), 296–312, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.031.
Jha, M.K., Kumari, A., Choubey, P.K., Lee, J.C., Kumar, V., Jeong, J., Leaching of lead from solder material of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). Hydrometallurgy 121–124 (2012), 28–34, 10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.04.010.
Konaté, F.O., Ancia, P., Soma, F., Bougouma, M., Buess-herman, C., Yonli, H., Waste electrical and electronic equipments as urban mines in Burkina Faso : characterization and release of metal particles. Waste Manag. 139 (2022), 17–24, 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.014.
Murari, K., Siddique, R., Jain, K.K., Use of waste copper slag, a sustainable material. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 17 (2015), 13–26, 10.1007/s10163-014-0254-x.
Phul, R., Kaur, C., Farooq, U., Ahmad, T., Ascorbic acid assisted synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of copper nanoparticles. Mater. Sci. Eng. Int. J. 2 (2018), 90–94, 10.15406/mseij.2018.02.00040.
Priya, A., Hait, S., Qualitative and quantitative metals liberation assessment for characterization of various waste printed circuit boards for recycling. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Resssources, 2017, 27445–27456, 10.1007/s11356-017-0351-1.
Quinet, P., Proost, J., Lierde, A.Van, 2005. Recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap by hydrometallurgical processing routes 22, 17–22. 10.1007/BF03403191.
Raposeiras, A.C., Movilla-Quesada, D., Muñoz-Cáceres, O., Andrés-Valeri, V.C., Lagos-Varas, M., Production of asphalt mixes with copper industry wastes: use of copper slag as raw material replacement. J. Environ. Manage., 293, 2021, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112867.
Samabangi, A., Eluru, A., Industrial copper waste as a sustainable material in high strength SCC. Clean. Eng. Technol., 6, 2022, 100403, 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100403.
Sepúlveda, R., Toro, N., Hernández, P., Navarro, P., Vargas, C., Gálvez, E., Castillo, J., Solvent extraction of metal ions from synthetic copper leaching solution using R4NCy. Metals (Basel), 12, 2022, 10.3390/met12061053.
Sethurajan, M., Eric D., van H., 2019. Leaching and selective recovery of cu from printed circuit boards _ enhanced reader.pdf. metals (Basel). 9, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9101034.
Shishkin, A., Mironovs, V., Vu, H., Novak, P., Baronins, J., Polyakov, A., Ozolins, J., Cavitation-dispersion method for copper cementation from wastewater by iron powder. Metals (Basel) 8 (2018), 4–6, 10.3390/met8110920.
Soliman, H., El-Moneim, A.A., Electrowinning of copper using rotating cylinder electrode utilizing lead anode. Engineering 03 (2011), 340–358, 10.4236/eng.2011.34039.
Tipre, D.R., Khatri, B.R., Thacker, S.C., Dave, S.R., The brighter side of e-waste—A rich secondary source of metal. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28 (2021), 10503–10518, 10.1007/s11356-020-12022-1.
Torres, R., Lapidus, G.T., Copper leaching from electronic waste for the improvement of gold recycling. Waste Manag 57 (2016), 131–139, 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.010.
Vikram, V., Vats, S., Bhatt, N., Pushpavanam, S., Sequential recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards using a zero-discharge hydrometallurgical process. Clean. Eng. Technol., 4, 2021, 100143, 10.1016/j.clet.2021.100143.
Yang, H., Liu, J., Yang, J., Leaching copper from shredded particles of waste printed circuit boards. J. Hazard. Mater. 187 (2011), 393–400, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.051.
Željko, K., Milisav, R., Marija, K., Zoran, A., Nataša, G., Jovana, D., Sanja, J., Hydrometallurgical process for selective metals recovery from waste-printed circuit boards. Metals (Basel) 8 (2018), 1–19, 10.3390/met8060441.
